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THE 



NATIONAL CAPITAL 



EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED. 




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the 

NATIONAL CAPITAL 

EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED. 

• A 

CONVENIENT GUIDE 



TO ALL POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE CTTT 
OF WASHINGTON. 



SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND IMPROVED. 




TRADE Htf 



MARK. 



JA^/ 1 



WASHINGTON, D. C. : 

PUBLISHED BY DEVLIN AND COMPANY, 

1113 Pennsylvania Avente. 

1872. 



Copies of this book, and also our publication, "The Me- 
tropolis," a guide to New York city, may be obtained gratu- 
itously, by application in person or by letter, at our stores, 
corner of Broadway and Grand Street, and corner of Broad- 
way and Warren Street, New York, and No. 1113 Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue, Washington, D. C. 



DEVLIN & CO. 






■* ^ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by 

Devlin and Company, 
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



RIVERSIDE, CAMBRID.GE : 

STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY 

H. 0. UOUGHTON AND COMPANY. 



NOTE 



The visitor to any great city is materially assisted in his 
efforts to see that which is interesting and attractive, and 
also enabled to economize time, by the possession of a con- 
venient hand-book that will indicate directly the points of 
interest, and give in simple form such facts and explana- 
tions as are essential to the appreciation of any given place 
or object. In no city of the United States is a work of this 
kind so necessary as in the National Capital; and we think 
the little book here presented meets that want in a practical 
and reliable shape. Confident that its merits will commend 
it to use and favor, and that incidentally thereto our name 
and business will be favorably presented, we send it forth as 
" bread upon the waters," and hope for its return in other 
forms ere many days. 

DEVLIN & CO. 



J. DEVLIN. 
J. OGDEN. 



S. W. JESSUP. 
H. C OGDEN. 




Y^BURBAU OF ILLUSTIVJf 

SPECIAL FEATURES. 

The aim of our business has always been 

TO SUPPLY THE BEST GOODS, 

In Quality, Style, and Finish, 

AT THE LEAST POSSIBLE PRICE. 

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to secure the best artistic talent in the production of our 
styles, and unceasing effort in obtaining the choicest fabrics, 
we are enabled, at all times, to display the most elegant 
stock in the country of 

READY-MADE CLOTHING 

AND 

Piece-goods for Custom Orders. 

The advantages we thus offer are so appreciated that the 
sales of our goods continually increase, and under this stimu- 
lus we are constantly enlarging our facilities for manufactur- 
ing and improving the styles of our garments, it being our 
intention in the future, as in the past, to 

Lead the Fashions for Gentlemen's Dress. 



No. 



Our Store in Washington is 
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INDEX. 



PAGE 


PAGE 


Asylum for the Insane. . 


41 


Columbla Armory, 


40 


Armory Square, . 


43 


Coast Survey Office, . 


41 


Alms-House, . 


44 


City Hall, 


48 


Art, ..... 


49 


Columbla Hospital, . 


44 


Arlington, 


62 


Columbian College, 


47 


Alexandria, 


63 


Columblv Institution fo.i the 




Benevolent Institutions, 


44 


Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, . 


48 


Banks and Bankers, . 


53 


Corcoran Art Gallery, . 


49 


Baptist Churches, . 


56 


Cemeteries, 


51 


Bladensburg, 


59 


Columbia Street Railroad 




Battle Ground, 


60 


Company, . 


51 


Capitol, ... 2 


, 14 


Congressional Cemetery, 


51 


Bixmze Doors, 


16 


Churches, 


54 


Central Edifice, 


14 


Congregational Churches, . 


57 


Committee Rooms of the 




Christlan Churches, 


57 


House, 


20 


Colored Churches, 


77 


Congressional Librae, . 


24 


District Government, 


13 


Capitol Police, 


26 


District Government Offices 


48 


Dome, 


15 


Department of State, . 


38 


Dimensions, . 


17 


Department of J ustice, . 


36 


Document Libraries, . 


25 


Department of Agriculture, 


38 


Extensions, 


14 


Drive to the North, 


59 


Front, 


15 


Early History, . 


9 


Grounds, 


17 


Executive Mansion, 


2y 


Ground Floor, 


25 


Equestrian Statue of Wash- 




Hall of Representatives, . 


19 


ington, .... 


39 


Heating and Ventilating 


26 


Equestrian Statue of Jack- 




Lobby of the House, 


20 


son, .... 


42 


Lobby of the Senate, . 


22 


Episcopal Churches, . 


56 


Law Library, . 


25 


Foreign Legations, . 


41 


Library of the House of 




Franklin Square, 


42 


Representatives, 


25 


Farragut Square, . 


43 


Old Hall of Representa- 




Fortifications, . 


59 


tives, .... 


23 


Fort Washington, . 


64 


President's Room, 


21 


Government Buildings, 


2y 


Rotunda, 


18 


Government Printing Office, 


4l) 


Statue of Liberty, 


15 


Georgetown College, 


47 


Statuary, 


15 


Gonzaga College, 


4S 


Stairways, . 


20 


Glenwood Cemetery, 


52 


Senate Chamber, 


• 21 


German Evangel. Churches, 


57 


Senators' Retiring Room, 


21 


Georgetown, 


60 


Supreme Court Room, 


22 


Great Falls, . 


61 


Vice-President's Room, 


22 


Health, 


12 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Howard University, . 48 

Hotels and Banks, . 52, L3 
Hebrew Churches, . .57 
How to Measure for Shirts. 69 
How to Measure for Clothing, 68 



Interior Department, 


36 


Institutions of Learning, . 


47 


Judiciary Square. . 


43 


La Fayette Square, . 


42 


Lincoln Park, 


48 


Lincoln Hall, 


47 


Lutheran Churches, 


57 


Little Falls, 


61 


Long Bridge, . 


63 


Leading Hotels, . 


52 


Military Clothing, . 


46 


Method of Numbering Street. 




and Buildings, 


10 


Medical Museum, 


40 


Masonic Hall, . 


47 


Metropolitan Hail road Co., 


50 


Methodist Epis. Churches, 


54 


Methodist Prot. Churches, 


55 


Military Asylum, 


59 


Mount Vernon, . 


64 


Methodist Episcopal Church 




(South), 


55 


Navy Department, 


32 


Naval Observatory, 


38 


Navy-yard, 


33 


National Theatre, . . 


47 


National University, . 


48 


Oak Hill Cemetery, 


51 


Official Etiquette, 


64 


Plan of the City, 


10 


Population, 


12 


Post-office Department, . 


34 



PAGE 

Propagating Gardens, . 41 

Public Parks a;sd Grounds. 41 
Providence Hospital, . . 44 
Places, of Amusement, . 47 
Public Schools, . . - 48 
Presbyterian Churches, . 55 
Reform School, . . .44 
Roman Catholic Churches, 56 
Rock Creek Church, . . 60 
Receptions, . . . 64-63 
Social Advantages, . . 13 
Smithsonian Institution, . 38 
Scott Square, . . .42 
Street Railways, . . 50 
Secret and Benevolent Socie- 
ties, . . . .52 
Swedenborgian Churches, 57 
Silver Springs Street Rail- 
road, . . . .51 
Treasury Department, . 30 
University for the Blind, . 48 
Unitarian Churches . 57 
Union Street Railroad, . 51 
Vicinity of Washington, . 59 
War Department, . . 32 
Washington Monument, . 39 
Washington Arsenal, 39 
Women"s Christian Associa- 
tion, .... 45 
Washington Business Col- 
lege, . . . .48 
Washington and George- 
town Railroad Co., . 50 
Washington Aqueduct, . 61 
Young Men's Christian As- 
sociation, ... 45 



EARLY HISTORY. 



The subject of a permanent seat of government was first 
debated in Congress after the insult offered to that body in 
Philadelphia, in June, 1783, by a band of mutinous soldiers, 
who assailed the hall during session, demanding arrearages of 
pay. In October of the same year, legislation upon the subject 
was fairly inaugurated, and thenceforward until the final decis- 
ion, which was reached July 16, 1790, fixed the location as it 
now exists, Congress and the country at large were involved in 
excited discussion of the question. President Washington's 
advocacy of the present site of the Capital doubtless had great 
weight in securing the decision of Congress. His attention was 
arrested by the advantages which this location presented for a 
city, when he was a youthful surveyor of the country in this 
vicinity, and when, with Braddock's forces, he encamped on the 
hill — long known as Camp Hill from this incident — now occu- 
pied by the Observatory. 

The location being decided, the States of Virginia and Mary- 
land ceded to the general government a part of their territory, 
embracing an area of ten miles square, and including the cities 
of Georgetown ^.nd Alexandria ; adding to the grant a donation 
of about $170,000 for the improvement of the new Capital. 

A commission was appointed by Congress to make purchases 
of land from private individuals, to define the proper bounda- 
ries, and to erect the necessary buildings. The commissioners 
laid the corner-stone of the District at Jones' Point, near Alex- 
andria, on the loth of April, 1791; and directed that the fed- 
eral district should be called the Territory of Columbia, and the 
federal city the City of Washington. The fund donated by 
Virginia and Maryland being exhausted* Congress authorized a 
loan for the continuation of the improvements, under which 
authority President Washington received from the State of 
Maryland a loan of $100,000. In June, 1800, the commis- 
sioners reported the necessary buildings ready for occupancy; 
whereupon, the public offices were immediately removed from 
Philadelphia, and on the third Monday of November following, 
Congress held its first session in the infant city, and on the 27th 
day of February, 1801, formally assumed jurisdiction over the 



10 EARLY HISTORY. 

District of Columbia. The government has continued in occu- 
pancy of the Capital from its first removal there until the pres- 
ent time, save for a period of two or three clays subsequent to 
the hattle of Bladensburg, August 24, 1814, which placed the 
city at the mercy of the British forces under General Ross and 
Admiral Cockburn. Congress was not in session, but the execu- 
tive officers of the government were obliged to make a hasty 
retreat, leaving most of the public offices and records to the 
mercy of the invaders, who made a short space of time suffice 
lor an extended work of destruction. The Capitol and Execu- 
tive Mansion were fired and greatly damaged, a large portion of 
the public records consumed or mutilated, and much private 
property destroyed. As before stated, the District embraced an 
area of ten miles square, or one hundred square miles; hut in 
July, 1846, Congress ceded back to Virginia the territory origi- 
nally donated by her, embracing the city and county of Alexan- 
dria, thus reducing the area to about sixty square miles. 

PLAN OF THE CITY. 

President Washington, as soon as the location was decided, 
directed Major L' Enfant to lay out a plan for the capital city; 
but finding him unsatisfactory, appointed Andrew Ellicott in his 
place. 

In laying out the plan of the city, Mr. Ellicott drew a meridi- 
onal line, by astronomical observation, through the area intended 
for the Capital, and upon this basis laid off' two sets of streets, 
intersecting each other at right angles, and distinguished by let- 
ters and numbers. The streets running north and south are 
numbered, and those running east and west are lettered, taking 
the Capitol as a starting-point. Avenues were then projected, 
cutting the streets at various angles, and connecting the most 
prominent and favorable points of the city ; the avenues inter- 
secting each other With large open spaces at certain points. 
These avenues are named after, and located to correspond with, 
the position of the different States in the Union, and are from 
one hundred and thirty to one hundred and sixty feet wide; the 
streets vary -from ninety to one hundred and ten feet in width. 
The city is four and a^ialf miles in length, and two and a half 
in breadth. 

METHOD OF NUMBERING STREETS AND BUILD- 
INGS. 

For one not familiar with streets, localities, and points of the 
compass in Washington, the assistance of a map will be neces- 
sary to illustrate this explanation of the somewhat complex sys- 



EARLY HISTORY. 11 

tern of naming and numbering the streets, which has always 
been a source of confusion to the stranger. This system, how- 
ever, when fully comprehended, enables one to find any given 
street and number without assistance. 

The city is now divided into four sections, the Capitol being 
the centre, respectively denominated, North East, North West, 
South East, South West. Streets of the same names appear- 
ing in all these sections, and the same avenues, in several cases, 
traversing more than one section, it is customary in stating an 
address to add to the street the initial letters (as N. E., etc.) of 
the section in wdiich it is located. An exception to this rule is 
the North West section, which contains the main portion of the 
city, regarding which the indicating initials are dropped, and by 
common usage it is understood, when no section is stated, this 
section is meant. 

The limits of the several sections are as follows: 

Northeast. East of North Capitol Street and north of East 
Capitol Street. 

Southeast. East of South Capitol Street and south of East 
Capitol Street. 

Southwest. West of South Capitol Street and south of the 
Canal. 

Northwest. West of North Capitol Street and north of 
the Canal. 

In the event of the expected filling up of the Canal, some 
other dividing line between the North and South sections, west 
of the Capitol, will be selected, probably the open space known 
as the Mall or Government Reservation, No. 2, which extends 
from the Capitol to the Executive Mansion. 

The streets running east and west are lettered, and those 
running north and south are numbered, except some very short 
streets. 

The buildings are numbered upon the Philadelphia plan. On 
the lettered streets, running east and west, and lettering each 
way from the Capitol, and avenues running diagonally, the num- 
bers of the buildings begin at North and South Capitol Streets, 
and count each way, the numbers of the streets indicating 
hundreds, those between First and Second Streets "including from 
one hundred upward, between Second and Third Streets from two 
hundred upward, and so on. 

The numbered streets running north and south count each 
way from the Capitol, and the buildings thereon number from the 
dividing line, viz. : The Canal on the west, and East Capitol 
Street on the east, of the Capitol. The system of numbering 
is the same as with the lettered streets, the numbers being 
located to correspond with the letters of the alphabet. 



12 EARLY HISTORY. 

To illustrate the above: To find No. 1113 Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue. The initials of the section being omitted, it shows it to 
be N. W., and the number explains that it is between Eleventh 
and Twelfth Streets. To find 510 E Street, N. E. The general 
direction is given by the initials, and by recalling the plan as 
above explained, it appears that E Street is the fifth street north 
of the Capitol, and the desired number between the fifth and 
sixth streets east of North Capitol Street. To find 510 Third 
Street, S. W. The southwest section being understood, it is 
plain that the street in question is the third street west of the 
Capitol and the number to be found between E and F Streets, 
the former being the fifth letter of the alphabet. 

It is important to remember that the letter J is omitted in the 
plan of streets. 

HEALTH. 

Owing to the wide streets and numerous open spaces, as well 
as to the natural salubrity of the climate, the city and District 
are almost entirely exempt from epidemics; diseases incident to 
compact and crowded cities are here scarcely known. There are 
very few deaths from malarious diseases, and the number of these 
is annually decreasing. A large proportion of the deaths among 
strangers, for which the climate of Washington is often held 
responsible, are to be attributed to two causes : the entire 
change of diet and mode of life experienced by many new resi- 
dents and visitors, by which the constitution is weakened and 
lurking disease strengthened; and too frequently the casting 
away of the moral restraint of home, by which the same result 
is obtained, and the victim of carelessness or unusual dissipation 
is thus charged to the climate of the seat of government. 

POPULATION. 

The population of the District has steadily increased from 
14,093 in 1800, to 75,115 in 1860 (not including Alexandria, 
which was ceded back to Virginia in 1846), and 130,000 in 
1870. This number is vastly augmented during the sessions of 
Congress. The war wrought an important and happy change in 
the character and number of the people, and instead of the de- 
generacy and ruin prophesied by many, a few years have given 
evidence of the energy and intelligence - of the new citizens, and 
the city is . now rapidly increasing in prosperity and impor- 
tance. 

It is believed in many quarters that the moral tone of the 
city of Washington is lower than that of the average of our 
large cities. This is an errror oft refuted, so far as the perma- 



EARLY HISTORY. 13 

nent population is concerned ; for it cannot be denied that the 
community is well ordered, and will compare favorably with that 
of any otber city, and careful observers assert that a steady ad- 
vance in the scale of morals is and has been going on for a 
series of years. There is, however, no disguising the fact that 
much vice flourishes here, especially at those seasons when the 
city is crowded with strangers. 

SOCIAL ADVANTAGES. 

"Washington is rapidly becoming a social centre toward which 
the fashionable life of the country gravitates in the winter as it 
does to the leading watering places in the summer, and to people 
of leisure and culture seeking amusement and congenial society, 
the National Capital offers attractions that are unique and pecul- 
iarly its own, — attractions that are being more completely re- 
cognized with every passing year. 

THE DISTRICT GOVERNMENT 

is vested in the Congress of the United States. That body 
originally delegated the control to a board of commissioners, 
then to a superintendent, then to a mayor appointed by the 
President. Afterward, under a more liberal charter, the govern- 
ment was placed in the hands of the people to a greater extent, 
and they were allowed to elect their mayor and municipal coun- 
cils. But this had its disadvantages, and a territorial organiza- 
tion was conceded, by a large majority, to be better for ah" inter- 
ests; accordingly Congress passed an act, in 1870, providing for 
the change, and in April, 1871, a new government was organ- 
ized. Its officers consist of a Governor, a Secretary, a Council 
or Upper Board of. the Legislature, a Board of Public Works, 
and a Board of Health, all appointed by the President for cer- 
tain terms, and confirmed by the Senate of the United States; 
a Delegate to Congress, and a House of Delegates or Lower 
House of the Legislature, and other officers, who are elected an- 
nually by the people. 



14 THE CAPITOL. 

THE CAPITOL. 



The first and grandest object of interest to the sight-seer is 
the Capitol, a magnificent structure, conspicuous on entering the 
city, and prominent for many miles from every section of the 
neighboring country. It is situated in the eastern portion of 
the city, and stands on the brow of a plateau ninety feet above 
the level of the low-tide water of the Potomac River. This com- 
manding position was chosen by George Washington, and the 
corner-stone was laid by him at the southeast corner of the 
north wing of 

THE CENTRAL EDIFICE, 

with appropriate civic, military, and Masonic honors, on Wednes- 
day, September 18th, 1793. The design of the original build- 
ing was furnished by Dr. William Thornton, and under the suc- 
cessive superintendence of Stephen Hallet, George Hadfield, and 
James Hoban, as architects, this portion of the building was 
made available for the sitting of Congress in November, 1800. 
The south wing, which was much more beautiful in finish than 
the north, was completed in 1811. On the 21th of August, 
1811, the interior of both wings was destroyed with fire by the 
British troops, and Congress was therefore compelled to hold its 
sessions in various other buildings. Having passed an order for 
the rebuilding of the Capitol, the work was commenced imme- 
diately, under the direction of B. H. Latrobe, architect, who was 
succeeded in 1817 by Charles Bulfinch, and the original plan 
completed in 1825, Congress in the mean time having returned 
to the occupancy of the building. The architecture of this cen- 
tral portion is principally Corinthian ; the Doric style is em- 
ployed in some portions, and several of the columns have orig- 
inal designs for their capitals. The material of which the walls 
are constructed is sandstone, quarried on an island in Aquia 
Creek, Virginia, that was purchased by the government for this 
purpose, in 1791, at a cost of $6,000. 

THE EXTENSIONS 

By an act of Congress, September 30th, 1850, it was pro- 
vided that the Capitol be extended; and plans, submitted by 
Thomas U. Walter, architect, were accepted by President Fill- 
more June 10th, 1851. The corner-stone was laid in the pres- 
ence of a vast concourse of people from every section of the couh- 



THE CAPITOL. 15 

try, on the 4th of July, the first day of the seventy-sixth year of 
the Independence of the United States, by the President; Daniel 
Webster, then Secretary of State, being the orator of the day. 
• . The material used in the construction of the walls of the " ex- 
tensions " is white marble, slightly variegated with blue, which 
is brought from Lee, Mass. The columns, of pure white marble, 
are each in one solid block, and were quarried at Cockeysville, 
Md. The architecture is mainly a continuation of the principal 
style of the central building. 

THE DOME. 

This magnificent fabric, rising over the centre of the whole 
edifice, was commenced in 1856, and was designed by the archi- 
tect of the extensions. It occupies the place of the "old dome," 
a ■ badly 2->roportioned affair of brick, stone, and wood, sheathed 
. with copper, the total height of which, from ground to top, was 
only one hundred and forty-five feet. The present dome, semi- 
ellipsoidal in form, is built of cast-iron, weighs nearly 4,000 
tons, and rises to a height of two hundred and twenty-eight feet 
from the basement floor to the lantern, the latter being fifty-two 
feet high and seventeen feet in diameter. 

THE STATUE OF LIBERTY, 

which surmounts the whole, is of bronze, measures sixteen feet 
six inches in height, and was designed by Crawford. The total 
height from basement floor to top of the statue being two hun- 
dred and ninety-six feet six inches. 

THE FRONT. 

The' building fronts the east, and that part looking toward 
the western portion of the city, which at first sight appears to be 
the front, is the rear. The three great flights of steps on the 
front are the entrances respectively to the Senate Chamber on 
the north wing, the Kotunda in the centre, and the Hall of Rep- 
resentatives on the south wing. Beneath these steps are vaulted 
carriage-ways and broad entrances to the ground floor. The 
right and left cheek-blocks of the centre flight of steps are orna- 
mented with statuary. 

That on the right side (entering) is by Horatio Greenough, 
and represents the struggles of our pioneer settlers. A sturdy 
backwoodsman is grappling with a powerful Indian, whose toma- 
hawk had been uplifted to strike the death-blow of the white 
man's wife and child, whose faithful dog stands by, anxious to 
assist his master. In a corresponding position on the other side 



16. THE CAPITOL. 

of the steps is Persico's sculpture, representing the Discovery of 
America. It describes Columbus holding in his hand a globe, 
and at his feet an Indian maiden crouches in fear, and astonish 
ment. Just above these, in the tympanum of the pediment, is 
an allegorical group of three female figures in alto-relitvo, also 
by Persico, typical of the Genius of America. The central figure 
is America, who is presented as addressing Hope upon the left, 
and directing her attention to Justice, who stands at the right, 
holding the Constitution of the United States and the scales. 
This group is said to have been designed by John Quincy 
Adams. In the portico, to the right and left of the door enter- 
ing into the Rotunda, are Persico's statues of Mars and Ceres, 
and over the door is Campellano's bass relief of Fame and Peace 
crowning a bust of Washington with wreaths of laurel. 

Each of the extensions has a portico with twenty-two columns 
extending the entire width of the front, with a central projection 
of ten feet four inches forming a double portico in the centre, of 
the same width as the gable. The great stairways just men- 
tioned lead up to and through these porticoes. ' 

The pediment over the flight of steps to the northern wing, 
or Senate entrance, contains a group by Thomas Crawford, in- 
dicating the progress of civilization in America. In the centre 
is a statue of America, and on her right are the figures of the 
soldier, commerce, youth and education, the mechanic, and a 
sheaf of wheat ; on her left are the pioneer, the hunter, the In- 
dian with his squaw and their child, sitting by a filled grave. 
A corresponding work of art will ultimately fill a similar place 
in the front of the southern wing. 

BRONZE DOORS. 

The massive doors (seventeen feet high, and weighing 20,000 
pounds) opening from the eastern front into the Rotunda are of 
pure bronze, and were cast in Munich from designs by Rogers, 
representing, in bass-relief, interesting periods in the life of Co- 
lumbus; beginning with his departure from the convent near 
Palos, and ending with his death-bed scene. They cost more 
than $100,000. There are two doors of a similar material at 
the eastern entrance to the Senate wing. These were designed 
by Crawford; but he died before the work was finished, and 
they were completed by Rinehart, a Baltimore sculptor. The 
design is intended to symbolize war and peace by historical 
events in the life of Washington. They were cast at Chicopee, 
Mass., and cost about $55,000. Their entire weight is 14,000 
pounds. It is satisfactory to know that these doors were de- 
and executed in this country by Americans. 



THE CAPITOL. 17 



THE DIMENSIONS 



of the Capitol are as follows : The centre building is three hun 
died and fifty-two feet four inches long, and one hundred and 
twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a portico one hundred and 
sixty feet wide on the east side, and a projection of eighty-three 
feet on the west. The corridors connecting the north and south 
wings with the centre building are each forty-four feet long, 
and fifty -six feet eight inches wide. Each wing is one hun- 
dred and forty-two feet eight inches in length, and two hundred 
and thirty-eight feet ten inches in depth, exclusive of the por- 
ticoes and steps. The entire length of the building is seven 
hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and the total depth three 
hundred and twenty-four feet, or thirty-one feet longer than St. 
Peter's at Koine, and one hundred and. seventy-five feet longer 
than St. Paul's at London. The height from the basement 
floor to the top of the bronze statue of Liberty on the dome is 
nearly three hundred feet. St. Peter's Cathedral to the top of 
the lantern is one hundred and forty-five feet higher, and St. 
Paul's is seventy-three feet higher. The height of the interior 
of the dome from the floor of the Rotunda is one hundred and 
eighty feet. The interior diameter is ninety-seven feet, and the 
greatest exterior diameter is one hundred and thirty-five feet. 
The ground covered by the Capitol is 153,112 square feet, or 
six hundred and filty-two feet more than three and one-half 
acres. 

THE GEOUNDS 

surrounding the Capitol embrace an area of about fifty acres, 
and are ornamented with a great variety of umbrageous trees, 
indigenous and foreign, flower beds, graveled walks, and foun- 
tains. A large number of comfortable seats are provided for 
visitors, and the park is a place of delightful resort, especially 
during the summer season, when on every Wednesday after- 
noon, by an order of Congress, open-air concerts are given by 
the Marine Band. The statue of Washington, in the park 
fronting the Capitol, is by Greenough, the granite pedestal of 
which bears the words, " George Washington : First in war, 
first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen." 

Congress has, however, wisely provided for the enlargement 
and improvement of the capitol grounds, and effect is now (July, 
1872) being given to its action upon this subject. The commit- 
tees of both houses, in which the deciding power has been vested, 
have approved the plans of Mr. Edward Clark, the architect em: 
ployed for the Capitol; whereby it is proposed to extend the 
grounds by the addition of an entire square north and south, to 



18 THE CAPITOL. 

improve the grading so as to leave the magnificent building on 
an eminence when approached from any point, to fill up hollows 
adjacent to the park, to straighten and improve neighboring 
streets and avenues, to banish car tracks from the inclosure, to 
introduce a finer growth of trees and shrubbery, and in all re- 
spects to make the surroundings more worthy the noble Capitol. 
Two years of time, and a large outlay of money will be required 
that this plan may be realized ; but when the work is completed, 
it can doubtless be truly said, that the investment is worthy the 
place and the nation. 

THE KOTUNDA 

is the circular room occupying the centre of the building. The 
floor is paved with freestone. Its walls between the pilasters 
rising from the floor are decorated with eight large historical 
paintings, eighteen by twelve feet each. The oldest of these are 
the four painted by Colonel John Trumbull, a member of the 
Continental Army, who served on the staff of General Washing- 
ton. These pictures represent the signing of the Declaration 
of Independence; the Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga; the 
Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown ; and the Resignation of 
Washington as Commander-in-Chief of the Army in 1783. 
They possess a peculiar interest and value on account of the 
portraits they contain, the artist having been associated with 
most of the characters represented. They were ordered by 
Congress at a cost of $8,000 each. The remaining pictures are, 
the Embarkation of the Pilgrims in the Speedwell at Delft 
Haven, by Robert W. Weir ; the Landing of Columbus, by 
John Vanderlyn ; De Soto discovering the Mississippi, by Wil 
liam II. Powell; and the Baptism of Pocahontas, by John 
Gadsby Chapman. These paintings cost the government from 
$10,000 to $20,000 each. Just above them in alternate panels 
are four carvings in bass-relief, representing the head of Colum- 
bus, the discoverer of the new world; the head of Cabot, the 
discoverer of the northern continent; the head of Sir Walter 
Raleigh, the pioneer settler in America, and La Salle, the ex- 
plorer of the West. 

Over the four doors of the Rotunda are groups in alto-re- 
lievo, representing Daniel Boone's conflict with the Indians, by 
Causici; the Landing of the Pilgrims, by the same artist; the 
Rescue of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas, by Campellano; 
and Penn's Treaty with the Indians, by Gevelot. Above these 
are panels which at some future day will doubtless be orna- 
mented with sculpture, and colonnades supporting the great 
dome, which contracts to a diameter of sixty-five feet, through 



THE CAP IT OL. 19 

which may he seen, as if in the clouds, Bruniidi's allegorical 
painting, delineating different subjects connected with the his- 
tory of America. 

The method of lighting the Eotunda is curious and novel. 
By means of a beautiful apparatus, situated at the door opening 
toward the Senate, a current of electricity is passed from burner 
to burner, until the whole number, 1300 in all, from the lowest 
to those in the lantern itself, are all ablaze. The time occupied 
in lighting is four minutes. 

Between the inner and outer shells of the dome there are 
stairs, affording easy access to all its parts ; and at proper in- 
tervals are galleries and windows, where the architectural details 
of the structure may be examined. The stairs lead finally to 
the top of the dome; and the extended view from this point 
well repays the labor of the ascent. Skirting the western and 
southern boundaries of the city are the Potomac Kiver and its 
tributary, the " Kastern Branch." Directly westward, on the 
bank of the river, are the Arlington Heights, Munson's Hill, 
and other places, made memorable by the events of the earlier 
period of the late war. To the southwest, the city of Alexan- 
dria can be plainly seen. Directly south, on the opposite bank 
of the Eastern Branch, is the Insane Asylum. To the north is 
the old Soldier's Home, and in every direction is a magnificent 
view of the surrounding scenery, full of beauty and historic in- 
terest. The entrance to the stairway to the dome is in the pas- 
sage-way on the left, going from the Rotunda to the Senate. 

THE HALL OF REPKESENTATIVES 

is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 30 feet high. The gallery, 
running entirely around the hall, will accommodate 1,500 persons; 
a portion, directly above the Speaker's chair, is set apart exclu- 
sively for the press reporters, and immediately adjoining are the 
seats reserved for the diplomatic corps. The remainder of the 
gallery is open to the general public, a large portion being re- 
served for ladies. In front of the Speaker's chair, and facing 
the members, are seats for the clerks of the House, and imme- 
diately in front of them sit the official reporters for the govern- 
ment. The ceiling of the hall is of iron (as is much of the 
ornamental work about the walls), and is supported by trusses 
from the roof. The stained glass panels in the ceiling each rep- 
resent the coat of arms of a State. At night the illumination 
is by gas jets, ignited by electricity, the light shining through 
these panels. 

Privileged persons only are admitted to the floor of the House 
during session. At other times it is open to all. Surrounding 
the hall is a corridor well known as 



20 ■"- THE CAPITOL. 



THE LOBBY. 



During the sessions of Congress this is continually crowded 
with the importunate friends of members of Congress, sight- 
seers, employees, and hundreds of others, forming an exciting 
and interesting scene. 

COMMITTEE ROOMS. 

Opening from the lobby are several rooms for the use of the 
Speaker, the officers, and several of the committees of the 
House. The Speaker's room is immediately in the rear of the 
hall; the ceiling is of iron, richly painted, and the walls are 
highly decorated with mirrors, and portraits of nearly all the 
Speakers who have presided over the House. Adjoining this on 
the left is the room of the Sergeant-at-arms, on the right an 
ante-room for the use of visitors, and at the other end of 
the lobby, is the room of the Committee on Appropriations. 
These are handsomely decorated and furnished. The post-office 
for the use of the members is across the lobby on the eastern 
side of the hall, and is very complete and convenient in its ar- 
rangements. The rooms of the Committees on Foreign Rela- 
tions, Public Lands, Territories, Military and Naval Affairs, and 
Agriculture, are all worth a visit, being beautifully frescoed and 
gilded. In the room of the Committee on Agriculture the 
painting is particularly attractive. On the arched ceiling are 
represented the Four Seasons ; and on one wall is a beautiful pic- 
ture of Cincinnatus, called from the plow to the dictatorship of 
Home, while opposite is a companion painting, representing Is- 
rael Putnam, called from a like occupation, to the battle-field of 
Lexington ; on the other two walls are portraits of Washington 
and Jefferson, and illustrations of the ancient and modern modes 
of reaping. 

Other committee rooms open from the corridor above, which 
affords access to the gallery of the Hall of Representatives. 

The first landing of the stairway leading to the last named 
corridor is ornamented by Leutze's famous painting, entitled, 

« Westward the Course of Empire takes its Way," 

a graphic and spirited illustration of pioneer life with its 
dangers, trials, and privations. 

STAIRWAYS. 

The grand marble staircases ascending to the gallery and 
descending to the ground floor, as well as the bronze staircase 



THE CAPITOL. 21 

leading from the private lobby at the rear of the hall to the 
lower floor, are worthy of critical examination. The former are 
constructed of beautiful white Italian marble, and equally at- 
tractive variegated Tennessee marble, highly polished ; the latter 
is of pure bronze, cast in artistic designs of figures of the eagle, 
deer, and Cupids, with richly foliated intertwinings. 

THE SENATE CHAMBER, 

located in the centre of the north wing, is of rectangular shape, 
one hundred and twelve feet long, eighty-two wide, and thirty 
high. Its walls and ceiling are handsomely frescoed and gilded. 
The ceiling is almost entirely of cast-iron richly moulded, and in 
the centre is a large sky-light of stained glass, through which 
the chamber is lighted. The galleries will accommodate one 
thousand persons. The northern end is reserved for ladies, and 
the remainder is free to all, with the exception of that portion 
immediately over the presiding officer's chair, which is devoted 
exclusively to reporters for the press, and the section directly 
opposite for the sole accommodation of the members of the 
foreign legations. 

The Senate is presided over by the Vice-President of the 
United States, or, during his absence, by a senator elected pro 
tern. Immediately in front of the presiding officer's chair are 
the seats of the secretary of the Senate, and engrossing and en- 
rolling clerks, and in front of these are the desks of the official 
reporters. Senators and privileged persons only are admitted to 
the floor of the Senate during the sessions, but at other times 
any one may enter. Across the lobby, at the rear of the Vice- 
President's chair, is 

THE PRESIDENT'S ROOM, 

which is beautifully frescoed ; on its walls are painted the por- 
traits of the first President and Cabinet; and on the ceiling il- 
lustrations of the history of the country. This room is for the 
accommodation of the President, when he has occasion to 
visit the Senate, as is necessary at the close of every session, to 
sign the numerous bills hurried through at the last hours of leg- 
islation. Next to this room .is the 

SENATORS' RETIRING-ROOM. 

The ceiling is of white marble, deeply paneled, supported by 
highly polished Italian marble columns ; the walls are of Ten- 
nessee marble, in which are set large plate-glass mirrors. Ad- 
joining this is 



THE CAPITOL. 



THE VICE-PRESIDENT'S ROOM, 
richly frescoed and ornamented. On the wall is a large portrait 
of Washington by Rembrandt Peale. Next to these rooms, on 
the east, are the reception room and Senate post-office, with 
gilded and frescoed ceilings and ornamentations. The sta- 
tionery room, and offices of the secretary of the Senate and ser- 
geant-at-arms, with one or two committee rooms, are on the 
east and west of the Senate Chamber. The wide corridor, or 
lobby, which surrounds the Senate Chamber and separates it 
from the committee rooms, is called 

THE SENATE LOBBY. 

The walls are set with niches for statuary, and in one of these 
on the east side of the Senate, just opposite the staircase lead- 
ing to the gallery, is an exquisite statue of Franklin, by Powers, 
while in a similar position on the west side is one of Hancock, 
by Stone, both life-size. The staircases leading to the galleries 
are of highly polished Italian marble, and on the walls of the 
landings large slabs of Tennessee marble are set. At the first 
landing of the west staircase, the large and beautiful painting, 
executed by. Walker, and entitled, "The Storming of Chapulte- 
pec," claims the admiration of the visitor. On the east stair- 
case, in a similar position, is a large painting representing 
" General Scott before the City of Mexico." 

The visitor will perceive that many features of the Senate 
Chamber and its surrounding are similar to those already de- 
tailed in the description of the Hall of Representatives, and 
therefore do not need repetition here. 

Through the corridor that leads from the main entrance door 
of the Senate Chamber to the House of Representatives, the 
messages that pass from one of these bodies to the other are 
carried by the proper officer ; and it is also the principal thorough- 
fare connecting the two wings. On the eastern side of this cor- 
ridor, about half way between the Senate Chamber and the Ro- 
tunda, is 

THE SUPREME COURT ROOM, 

semicircular in form, seventy-five feet long, forty-five feet high. 
The Ionic columns supporting the gallery at the rear are of 
Potomac marble. This room was formerly the Senate Chamber 
of the United States, and, like its companion apartment, the old 
Hall of Representatives, is rich in memories of the past. In 
strong contrast to the earlier and active history of this room are 



THE CAPITOL. 23 

the solemn and weighty proceedings and deliberations of court 
days, so awe-inspiring to the average visitor. The judges of the 
couit are attired in black silk gowns, the Chief Justice presiding 
in the centre, and on either side the Associate Justices. Opposite 
the Supreme Court room, across the corridor, is the Court of 
Claims room. On the other side of the Rotunda, between that 
and the House of .Representatives, are several objects of interest. 
The principal one of these is 

THE OLD HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES, 

semicircular in form, ninety-five feet long, and sixty feet high, 
and fidl of interesting associations. Up to the time of the 
completion of the new hall, the sessions of the House of Repre- 
sentatives were held here ; and its walls have resounded with the 
eloquence of our great men of the past. John Quincy Adams 
was stricken with death here, and died before he could be re- 
moved from the building. 

The twenty-four massive Corinthian columns which support 
the entablature are of variegated Potomac marble, and cost 
$8,000 each. A colossal statue of Liberty, modeled in plaster 
by Causici, stands over one entrance ; and beneath it is an Amer- 
ican eagle, modeled from life, and cut in sandstone by Valaperti. 
Over the door is a clock having for its dial the wheels of a winged 
car resting on a globe ; and in the car is a figure representing 
History, holding in her hand a scroll and a pen. The above are 
all interesting relics, having been placed in their positions years 
ago when Congress held its sessions here. By a resolution of 
Congress, since its removal to its new accommodations, this hall 
has been set apart as a receptacle for works of art ; and already 
several contributions have been made by the State and the Na- 
tional governments and individuals, embracing : — 

Plaster copy of Houdin's bronze figure of Washington, the 
original of which is in the State Capitol at Richmond, Va. 

Statue of Alexander Hamilton, by Horatio Stone. 

Statue of Kosciusko, by H. D. Saunders. 

Statues of Jonathan Trumbull and Roger Sherman, by C B. 
Ives, contributed by the State of Connecticut. 

Statue of Lincoln, by Miss Vinnie Ream. 

Statue of Roger Williams, executed in Rome by Franklin 
Simmons of Providence, R. I., presented by the State of Rhode 
Island. 

Statue of General Nathaniel Greene, by Henry K. Brown. 
•Bust of Lincoln on pedestal of Scotch granite, by Mr. Ames 
of Boston. 

Bust of Thomas Crawford the Sculptor. 



24 THE CAPITOL. 

Portrait of Henry Clay, by Neagle. 

Mosaic portrait of Lincoln, presented by the artist, Signor 
Salviati of Venice. 

Portrait of Charles Carroll of Carrolton, by Harding. 

Portrait of Joshua R. (biddings, by Miss C. L. Rawson. 

In and about the short corridor, between the Rotunda and the 
old hall, there are several objects of interest. On the north side 
of the circuitous passage-way is the stationery room, from which 
all the stationery used by the members of the House is issued. 
On the south side, in a dimly lighted apartment, the post-office 
was located when the Representatives sat in the old hall ; and in 
the adjacent rooms thousands of public documents are stored. 
At the foot of the narrow stairs, on the north side of the cor- 
ridor, is a specimen of a new order of architecture which was 
attempted a few years since. 

One of the most delightful and interesting places in the build- 
in°: is 



THE CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY, 

located in the western projection of the centre building. 

The Library has suffered greatly from fire, having been en- 
tirely destroyed by the British in 1814, and losing 40,000 volumes 
by an accidental fire in the winter of 1851. To guard against 
the recurrence of such calamities, the present rooms, when re- 
constructed, were built entirely of iron, the main room being 
completed in 1853, and the wings in 1867. The volumes in the 
Library now number nearly 250,000, the collection having been 
lately increased by the addition of the library of Peter Force, 
ex-mayor of Washington, whose labors for many years had secured 
the most valuable collection of books on state affairs in the 
country. The number of books is being constantly augmented in 
accordance with a law lately passed by Congress, which provides 
that the first copy of every book published in the United States 
shall be deposited here, and at such deposit a certificate is fur- 
nished, and the book becomes copyrighted. The provisions of 
this law alone will add several thousand volumes yearly. The 
volumes are all catalogued and arranged by subjects, so that any 
volume can be found in a moment. Although any one is al- 
lowed to examine the books, none are permitted to be taken 
away except by the President of the United States, the Vice- 
President, members of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
judges of the Supreme Court, cabinet officers, the diplomatic 
corps, Secretary of the Senate, Clerk of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, and agent of the Joint Committee on the Library. 



THE CAPITOL. 25 



THE DOCUMENT LIBRARIES 

are situated in quite incommodious rooms in out-of-the-way 
corners of the building, and contain nearly one hundred thou- 
sand volumes of documents, laws, reports, debates, etc. ; they are 
accessible to members of Congress and pei-sous introduced by 
them. 

THE LAW LIBRARY. 

Underneath the Supreme Court room is the Law Library, 
containing nearly twenty thousand law volumes, the choicest 
collection in America. It is particularly rich in works upon the 
civil, maritime, and commercial law. 

THE LIBRARY OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA- 
TIVES 

is in a room in the gallery over the House, and contains all the 
Congressional records, a large number of law books, and other 
publications useful to members of Congress in debate. It is 
exclusively for the use of members. 

THE GROUND FLOOR. 

Standing at the north or south entrance door on the ground 
floor one can look down the corridor the whole length of the 
building, and see, at the other end, the opposite entrance door, 
nearly eight hundred feet distant. Under the Senate Chamber 
the walls of the corridor are exquisitely ornamented in fresco and 
distemper, illustrating by these beautiful paintings the natural 
history of America. The floors are laid with encaustic tiles of 
elaborate pattern, and from the ceilings beautiful gilded chan- 
deliers are suspended. Some of the committee-rooms on this 
floor are exquisite. One of the rooms is painted after the style 
of the Loggia of Raphael, and another after the Pompeiian style. 
The thirty monolithic fluted columns of white marble support- 
ing the cast-iron paneled ceiling of the corridor, are worthy of 
attention with their capitals of foliated tobacco-leaves and buds. 
A room on this floor in either wing is by special permission of 
Congress used as a restaurant, and during the sessions a caterer 
dispenses necessary edibles at fair prices. By another special 
resolution intoxicating liquors are forbidden in the building. 
The rooms of the Court of Claims, the National Campaign Com- 
mittees, the Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds, the 
Senate Carpenter Shop, the Library Store Room, the office of the 



26 THE CAPITOL. 

Captain of Capitol Police, the studios of Fisk Mills and Dr. Horatio 
Stone, Congressional Folding Rooms, and the Law Library, are 
all located on this floor. In the centre, immediately under aud 
supporting the Rotunda, is the Crypt, and beneath this the Tomb. 
These terms probably came into use from the proposition at one 
time seriously considered, but long since dropped, to place the re- 
mains of Washington here. Quite appropriate would be the 
resting place for the sacred dust, but the instructions in his will 
were so explicit upon the point, that it were disrespect to violate 
them, even in the. laudable purpose to do honor to his memory. 
The Crypt at present contains two pieces of statuary, namely, 
Dying Tecumseh and Tulaski, while the Tomb has only the 
Catafalque upon which the remains of President Lincoln and 
Hon. Thaddeus Stevens lay in state. Away down in the depths 
of the building, not. an uninteresting sight is 

THE HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS 

under each wing. The machinery is very complete, and kept 
in beautiful condition. During the csld weather, heated air is 
forced up the flues into every part of the building by immense 
revolving fans; during the warm season, cold air is sent up; thus 
at all times an even temperature is obtained, and the atmosphere 
rendered pure and wholesome. 

The bath-rooms for the use of Senators and Members are in 
the basement, and are very complete in their appointments, and 
liberally patronized. 

THE CAPITOL POLICE 

are ever ready to extend civilities to strangers in showing them 
about the building. They are readily distinguished by their uni- 
form and badu;e. 



J. DEVLIN. 
J. OGDEN. 



S. W. JESSUP. 
K. C. OGDEN. 



DEVLIN & CO., 




BROADWAY, CORNER GRAND STREET, 

NEW YORK. 

The above cut represents our " up-town store," in which 
we cany on 

Every Branch of the Clothing Business, 

INCLUDING 

READY-IADE CLOTHING FOR HEN AND BOYS, 



Wholesale and Retail. 

CUSTOM W03K OK CLOTHING TO OEDER 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods of all Kinds 

Ready-made, and American Yoke 

Shirts Made to Order. 



J. DEVLIN. 
J. OGDEN. 



S. W. JESSUP. 
K. C. OGDEN. 



DEVLIN & CO., 




Broadway, corner of Warren Street, 

NEW YORK. 



The above is a cut of our " down-town store," the business 
of which is precisely the same as our " up-town store," ex- 
cepting the wholesale department. 

At this store will always be found a complete variety of 

Ready-made Clothing for Men and Boys, 

Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, 

American Yoke Shirts, 

ROSES DE CHAMBRE AND SMOKING JACKETS, 



Piece Goods for Custom Orders, 



DEVLIN & CO. 



GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 2'J 

GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 



THE EXECUTIVE MANSION 

faces Pennsylvania Avenue, a little over one mile west of the 
Capitol. The building was commenced in 1792; was modeled 
after the palace of the Duke of Leinster; is one hundred and 
seventy feet front ar.d eighty-six deep, and is built of freestone, 
painted white. During the war with Great Britain, August 21, 
1814, it was destroyed with fire, by British troops, and James 
Madison, who was then President, was compelled to fly with his 
family for safety. The East Room, which is used as the grand 
reception room, covers the entire depth of the eastern end of the 
building, and is eighty feet long, forty wide, and twenty high. 
The Green Room, Ked Room, and Blue Koom, connecting with 
each other, and opening to the west from the East Room, are also 
used on certain public occasions, and receive their peculiar names 
from the color of the walls and furniture. In the western end 
are accommodations for the President's family; and leading out 
from this end is the conservatory, containing a great variety of 
rare plants, some of which are constantly in bloom. On the 
second floor, at the eastern end, are located the public offices of 
the President and his private secretaries. The grounds around 
the building are neatly kept, and during the favorable seasons 
present a beautiful appearance. Concerts, by the Marine Band, 
are given in the grounds south of the mansion every Saturday 
afternoon during the summer months, and always attract a gay 
and fashionable assemblage. In the grounds north of the build- 
ing there stands a bronze statue of Jefferson, the gift of Captain 
Levy, United States Navy, presented to, but never officially re- 
ceived by the government. Public receptions are usually given 
by the President semi-monthly, during the later winter months, 
in the evening, and also upon every New Year's Day. Inter- 
views can be had for public business usually between the hours 
of 11 and 1 upon every business day, except cabinet-days, 
when he is closeted with the cabinet for consultation. The 
public, however, while they may remember that the President is 
supposed to be the " servant of the people," and that a portion 
of his time may be devoted to receiving the congratulations and 
general hand-shakings of the "sovereigns," should not forget 
that his time is very precious, and that their interviews, unless 
upon important business, and at his request, should not be pro- 
longed beyond two or three minutes. 

Opposite the east side of the Executive Mansion is the 



30 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

The appearance of this building, from the outside, is at once 
appropriate and pleasing, and its harmonious architecture, ma's- 
siveness, and surroundings, especially when viewed on the west 
side, are extremely imposing, the dimensions being, length four 
hundred and sixty-five feet, width two hundred and sixty-six feet. 
The larger portion is built of graniie, from Dix Island quarries. 
On the north front, in the centre of the pavement, is a beautiful 
fountain, built of granite, and on the western front is another, 
having its basin of the same material. On the south front there 
will shortly be placed a bronze equestrian statue of Ulysses S. 
Grant, as General of the Armies of the United States. This 
statue is to be erected by the contributions of citizens. 

The interior of the building is no less gratifying to the be- 
holder, and is admirably suited to the uses intended. With the 
exception of the centre, or older portion of the building, the 
rooms are large, commodious, airy, well lighted and furnished. 
The officers connected with the Treasury Department are, the 
Secretary, or head of the Department ; First and Second 
Comptrollers, and a Comptroller of the Currency ; a Commissioner 
of Customs, Commissioner of Revenue, and Commissioner of 
Internal Kevenue; six Auditors, Treasurer, Register, and Solicitor, 
and the officers in charge of the Light-house Board and Coast 
Survey. There are also a Director in charge of Statistics, a 
Supervising Architect, and a Superintendent of the building. 
The office of the Second Auditor is in Winder's Building, op- 
posite the Navy Department; and that of the Sixth Auditor in 
the building of the Post-office Department. 

With a written order from the Secretary, and under the direc- 
tion of the Superintendent, the visitor can be admitted to the 
Printing Division of the National Currency Bureau ; but he must 
be unaccompanied by ladies, they not being admitted under any 
circumstances, except as employees. Heretofore, all the notes 
and bonds of the United States have been manufactured here, 
and the process is exceedingly novel and interesting. The pon- 
derous hydraulic presses, the delicate cutting and counting- 
machines, the manufacture of paper and envelopes, the printing 
of the notes, and the intricate paths they are compelled to pur- 
sue, in process of manufacture, all present a busy and interesting 
scene. From a visit to the Loan Branch, Redemption Division,, 
and Cash-rooms of the Treasurer's Office, the visitor obtains 
some idea of the financial operations of the government. The 
redemption and mutilation, and the counting of the United 
States currency is. in these offices, an interesting proceeding. 







llMim BWPP 1 



32 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 

The Cash-room itself is magnificent. Its walls are con- 
structed of Sienna, Italian, and Pyrenean marble, with col- 
umns of white Tennessee and Carrara marble. In combination 
witli these are the red and dove-colored Tennessee. The floor 
is laid with white and red marble. From the ceilings hang 
gorgeous chandeliers. The furniture is of solid mahogany, and to 
secure the counters from outside intrusion, they are surmounted 
with a partition of heavy plate glass. 

THE WAR DEPARTMENT 

occupies the building on the west side of the executive mansion, 
and faces Pennsylvania Avenue. The present edifice is insignif- 
icant and time-worn in its appearance, but will shortly give 
place to an imposing structure, which has been commenced on 
the same site. It will be built of granite quarried at Dix 
Island, Maine, and Richmond, Va., and will correspond some- 
what in appearance with the Treasury building. 

The War Department is under the supervision of the Secre- 
tary of War, assisted by the Adjutant-General, Quarter-master- 
General, Commissary-General, Paymaster-General, Surgeon- 
General, and chiefs of the Bureaus of Engineers, Ordnance, 
Signal Service, Freedmen's Affairs, and Military Justice. The 
most of these bureaus have all their rooms in the department 
building proper, but this not being adequate for the accommo- 
dation of all, some are located in adjacent buildings hired for 
the purpose. The office of the commanding general of the 
army is in the main building, where many trophies of the late 
war are exhibited. 

Under the direction of the Signal Office, the useful and re- 
markably accurate meteorological reports for the benefit of com- 
merce are daily made and published. The office of the chief 
signal officer is at present located in a house (formerly the re- 
sidence of Jefferson Davis) on G Street, very near the depart- 
ment building. It is here that the weather reports are daily 
received, by telegraph, from the observers stationed in different 
sections of the country. The instruments in use are exceed- 
ingly delicate and accurate, being of the most improved pat- 
terns. 

The Freedmen's Bureau occupies portions of the building 
attached to the Howard University, situated on Seventh Street, 
some distance away from the department building. 

THE NAVY DEPARTMENT 

occupies the building a little south of and similar in appearance 
to the War Department edifice. The building already com- 



GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 33 

meiiced and referred to in the description of the War Depart- 
ment will cover the site of the present Navy Department, and 
the south wing of it will be occupied by the latter department. 
The Secretary of the Navy, and the officers in charge of the 
several bureaus, namely: Ordnance, Equipment and Recruiting, 
Yards and Docks, Navigation, Med .cine and Surgery, Provisions 
and Clothing, Steam Engineering, and Construction and Repair, 
have tbeir offices in this building and in Winder's Building op- 
posite. One of the most interesting branches of the depart 
ment is 

THE NAVAL OBSERVATORY, 

located some distance west of the department. It is used prin- 
cipally for the purposes of hydrographical research, although as- 
tronomical observations are made to an important extent. As 
may be conjectured, there are many objects of rare interest to 
be seen here; and all the instruments and appurtenances are of 
the finest and most valuable kind. The elevated site on which 
the Observatory stands, before the country became settled, was 
the camp of a tribe of Indians, to whom all the territory in this 
region belonged, and who are thus described by Captain John 
Smith: "Such great and well-proportioned men are seldom 
seen ; for they seem like giants to the English — yea, and to 
their neighbors; yet, seemed of an honest and simple disposi- 
tion, and with much ado restrained from adoring us as God." 
Many strange and wonderful legends are connected with this 
spot. 

Another exceedingly interesting branch of this department is 

THE NAVY-YARD, 

located in the eastern section of the city, on the Anacostia 
River (the eastern branch of the Potomac). The grounds com- 
prise about three hundred and fifty-seven acres, and are ap- 
proached, on the land side, through a handsome gateway, con- 
tiguous to which are several guus, trophies of naval warfare, 
the inscription on each stating its history. The workshops, 
ordnance stores, mementos of maritime adventure, ship-houses, 
and frequently monitors and war-vessels, present objects of in- 
terest sufficient to occupy very profitably the time of the visitor. 
Near the yard are the Marine Barracks and Marine Hospital. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

at present occupies a building belonging to the Protestant Or- 
phan Asylum of Washington. The building is located on 
3 



34 G VJiRNAlEN T h U1LDIX GS. 

Fourteenth Street, and is temporarily occupied by the depart- 
ment until more suitable accommodations are provided. It 
was in this building that the Joint High Commission held its 
sessions in the spring of 1871,- and framed the Treaty of Wash- 
ington as a basis for the settlement of the existing points of 
difference between our government and Great Britain. All the 
passports necessary for American citizens travelling abroad are 
issued here; also pardons by the President in favor of convicted 
offenders against United States laws. The library of the de- 
partment contains a remarkable collection of curious state 
papers. 

The old State Department Building stood on the spot where 
is now the beautiful north wing of the Treasury Department. 
As soon as the structure already referred to as the future lo- 
cation for the War and Navy Departments is ready, the State 
Department will be transferred to it also, thus bringing nearly 
all of the executive departments of the government in close 
proximity to each other. 



THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT 

is located on the square bounded by Seventh and Eighth, and 
E and F Streets, about half way between the Capitol aud Ex- - 
ecutive Mansion, and three squares north of Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue. This is the site of the first post-office, which was burnt 
in December, 1836. The present building is one of the finest 
structures in Washington. The architecture is Corinthian, and 
with a material of white marble gives an effect altogether beau- 
tiful and imposing. It has a front extending two hundred and 
four feet on E Street, north, with wings of three hundred feet 
on Seventh and Eighth Streets. 

In the archway of the entrance for the mail-wagons, on the 
Eighth Street side, is a well executed piece of sculpture, repre- 
senting the advantages of steam and electricity. The Dead- 
letter office is a bureau of the department well worth a visit, 
where all the unmailable and misdirected letters from the many 
thousand post-offices, throughout the country are sent and 
opened. All letters, of which the names and addresses of the 
writers can be ascertained, are returned. Those not returnable, 
containing photographs or anything of value, are filed, and 
those without inclosures only are destroyed. 

In the rear of the building, and opening on F Street, is the 
general delivery of the City Post-office, the accommodations 
being commodious and pleasant. It occupies a conveniently 
central position, and is in all respects worthy of the city and 
of the important interests it represents. 




"i^: 1 :;!!:!! ini^i!!']. 



6 VERNMEN T B U1E DINGS. 



THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT 

is located in the Patent Office Building. This magnificent 
structure, the object of which stands so closely connected with 
mechanical and social progress, is in all respects admirably 
adapted to its purpose. The principal front, with its splendid 
portico, in exact imitation of that of the l J antheon, looks down 
Eighth Street. The grand entrance is here approached by a 
flight of granite steps, opening into a spacious hall, from which 
a two-fold flight of marble steps conducts to'the fine galleries 
above; the centre portion of the building is applied to the pur- 
poses of the Patent Office. The east wing gives accommodation 
to the Secretary of the Interior and his assistants, together with 
the Commissioner of Patents and his staff, on the ground floor. 
In other parts of the building are the rooms of the General 
Land Office, Indian Bureau, and Census Office. One splendid 
saloon designated the National Gallery, constitutes the second 
floor, where are deposited seemingly innumerable models of pa- 
tents, but which are really so classified and arranged as to be 
easily found, curiosities and mementos of national history, spec- 
imens of home manufactures, and other objects of interest. A 
four-fold range of columns, of massive Doric architecture, rising 
to the height of twenty feet, and from which spring a series of 
arched ceilings ten feet higher, give dignity and adornment to 
this elegant apartment. When, in connection with this, we 
take the fine cylindrical arch, rising superior to the others, and 
admitting light from above by its central aperture of thirteen 
feet diameter, we are constrained to acknowledge the grand and 
imposing character of the whole. The other halls on the same 
level are on an equally magnificent scale, and in style corre- 
sponding with that already referred to — opening by lofty arch- 
ways into the vast gallery just described, and giving in all a 
range of galleries of most extensive dimensions. This depart- 
ment also leases, for the use of the Pension Bureau, the Seaton 
House, lately used as a hotel, on Louisiana Avenue, between 
Sixth and Seventh Streets. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

is presided over by the Attorney-General of the United States, 
and is accommodated in the south wing of the Treasury Depart- 
ment Building. It is the duty of the head of this department 
to prosecute and conduct all cases for the government appearing 
before the Supreme Court; and to render an opinion upon all 
legal points referred to him by the executive officers of the na- 
tional jrovernment. 



38 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 



THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

occupies the building in the square of ground a short distance 
south of Pennsylvania Avenue and between Twelfth and Four- 
teenth Streets. It is destined to become one of the most impor- 
tant and useful branches of the government. The grounds 
:uh1 building present a handsome appearance; and the former 
give ample held for experimental farming and gardening. There 
is nothing more attractive in the city than the gorgeous flower- 
beds in front of the building at the favorable seasons. A large 
conservatory on the western side is filled with rare plants and 
specimens of horticulture, which afford ample opportunity to the 
student of botany and lover of flowers to examine and admire. 
The interior of the main building presents a cheerful ap- 
pearance; and the museum on the second floor contains every- 
thing that is rare and curious in the vegetable world, and is 
worth a prolonged visit. East of the Agricultural Department 
Building is 

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 

This building is different in architecture from any other in 
the city, being of the Lombardian order, and is built of light- 
red sandstone, obtained from Seneca Creek, about twenty-three 
miles from Washington. There are nine towers to the building, 
the main one being one hundred and fifty feet high. The 
corner-stone was laid May 1st, 1847. The founder and en- 
dower of this institution was James Smithson, a man of high 
sc'entific attainments, a native and resident of England. The 
legality of his bequest was tested in the English courts; but a 
final decision resulted in placing $515,169 in the treasury of the 
United States, for the accomplishment of the object of the tes- 
tator, namely, " TJie increase and diffusion of knowledge among 
men.'" This sumi still remains intact, the interest upon it hav- 
ing been so managed as not only to erect this handsome build- 
ing but to give its purposes proper support. The scientific re- 
sults of the various exploring expeditions are stored here; and 
the Museum of Natural History and collections of curiosities, 
native and foreign, which have recently been increased by the 
addition of the collection from the band Office, are the largest 
and best in America. The library contains many rare and valu- 
able works. The scientific investigations, conducted by the offi- 
cers of the institution, are prominent and important; and their 
results are appreciated by all similar institutions throughout the 
world. The building was seriously damaged by fire in 1865, 
but has since been repaired. 



GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 39 

The tall shaft of marble west of the Department of Agricul- 
ture, and so distinctly seen from all parts of the city, is the un- 
finished 

WASHINGTON MONUMENT, 

the corner-stone of which was laid July 4th, 1848. The origi- 
nal design contemplates a square column six hundred feet high, 
and, by the subscriptions of the people, a height of one hundred 
and eighty-four feet has been attained : but for more than ten 
years these contributions have been so small as to barely keep 
the present pile in repair. The design furnished by Robert Mills 
was a grand conception, and can be seen at the office in the mon- 
ument grounds. Lining the inside of the monument, and also 
in the sheds erected near, are to be seen blocks of stone contrib- 
uted by every nation, and by almost every class of people of all 
nations, bearing suitable inscriptions, and intended to testify a 
universal respect for the great and good man. A feeling of sad- 
ness, almost of shame, comes over the visitor as he contemplates 
this unfinished structure. But history teaches us, by numerous 
examples, that such stupendous works, even in older, larger, and 
more wealthy nations, were never built by voluntary contributions. 

EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 

Just north of the Naval Observatory, in a circular piece of 
ground situated at the intersection of several streets with Penn- 
sylvania Avenue, and forming a pleasant little park, is the eques- 
trian statue of Washington, modeled and cast in bronze by 
Clark Mills, by order of Congress, at a cost of $50,000. The 
artist has chosen as the proper illustration of his subject that 
eventful moment in the life of Washington, when, at the battle 
of Princeton, he turned the scale in favor of his country's cause 
by exposing his own person at the head of his troops, and rally- 
ing them on to victory. The likeness is said to be one of the 
best in existence. 

THE WASHINGTON ARSENAL 

is located on the extreme southern limit of the city, at the 
mouth of the Eastern Branch, and is in full view from the Navy- 
yard. Death dealing implements of war, of every imaginable 
construction and material, may be found here; also a museum 
containing offensive and defensive war material from every nation, 
arranged with military precision, and in so neat and orderly a 
manner as to form a curious attraction. Curiosities from the 
battle-fields in the late war form a feature of special interest. 



40 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 

Just north of arid contiguous to the Arsenal grounds formerly 
stood the Penitentiary buildings; hut by a late act of Congress, 
all convicts in the District must he taken to the Albany (N. Y.) 
Penitentiary, and such parts of the building as were not re- 
quired for the use of the Arsenal were razed to the ground. 'It 
was here that the conspirators in the assassination of President 
Lincoln were tried and convicted ; and on a spot which can be 
pointed out, Payne, Herold, Atzerodt, and Mrs. Surratt were 
hung and afterward buried. The spot where Booth's body was 
deposited, and about which affair there was so much mystery, 
can also be easily shown. The entrance to the Arsenal grounds 
faces Four-and-a-half Street. 

THE COLUMBIA ARMORY 






is the grim and solid looking building in the square on Seventh 
Street, east of the Smithsonian Institution. This place is used 
by the District militia as a drill ground and head-quarters, and 
is now being improved for these purposes. 

THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 

a branch of the Surgeon-general's Office, is located on Tenth 
Street, between E and F Streets, in the building formerly known 
as Ford's Theatre, and where the assassination of President Lin- 
coln occurred. The interior of the building has been so altered 
as to leave no trace of its old appearance, and consequently con- 
siderable of the interest it would otherwise have, in connection 
with the scene of the assassination, is lost. It is now cheerful 
and commodious within, and is divided into several apartments, 
devoted to the investigation of everything that may be useful in 
the materia media of the army. The results of these exami- 
nations are carefully recorded, have been of incalculable assist- 
ance, and as far as possible are exhibited to those interested. 

THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 

one of the largest establishments of the kind in the world, is 
located directly north of the Capitol. Nearly all the printing 
and binding required by Congress, and the numerous govern- 
ment departments in Washington, is done in this building, and 
the most recent and perfect machinery is used in the execution 
of the work. Several hundred hands are employed, and the 
scene presented during working hours is busy and interesting. 

Opposite the Capitol grounds, on the south side of Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue, are 



GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 41 

THE PROPAGATING GARDENS, 

where rare plants from all parts of the world can be seen in full 
bloom, a sight at once delightful and curious. Beautiful and 
healthy specimens of the date, fan, and other palm-trees, banana, 
India rubber, coffee, and cinnamon-trees, and a great numl er of 
tropical plant's, are to be seen here. There are several thousand 
specimens in the collection, arranged in different conservatories 
according to the required temperature. 

THE COAST SURVEY OFFICE 

is in a neat and commodious building on Capitol Hill, and 
within a few steps of the southern entrance to the Capitol 
grounds. The results of the coast surveys of the United States 
are forwarded here and prepared for publication. 

THE GOVERNMENT ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE 

is located on the bank of the Eastern Branch, opposite the Navy- 
yard. The building is large and beautifully proportioned, occu- 
pies an elevated and commanding site, and in all its arrange- 
ments, internal and external, is a model institution. It was 
built under authority of an act of Congress, and is for the ac- 
commodation of the insane of the army and navy of the United 
States, and of the District of Columbia. 

The bridge spanning the stream, and leading to the Insane 
Asylum, is the one traversed by the murderers Booth and Her- 
old, in their flight on the night of the assassination of Presi 
dent Lincoln. 

FOREIGN LEGATIONS. 

With two or three exceptions, all the Ambassadors from for- 
eign countries reside in Washington. Information regarding 
them can be obtained at the State Department. 

PUBLIC PARKS AND GROUNDS. 

The city of Washington enjoys abundant opportunities for 
he circulation of fresh air. no small advantage in a large and 
growing city. Its broad avenues and wide streets, by their pe 
:uliar arrangement, create larsje open spaces — triangles and 
jircles — at points of intersection, which are, in common with 
several other open pieces of land, secured to the federal govern- 
ment, and known as government reservations. Of these, the 
most beautiful and attractive is the circle at the intersection of 



42 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS 

Massachusetts and Vermont Avenues with Fourteenth Street, 
Northwest, where a tasteful fountain and an ornamental iron in- 
cisure have Leen erected. A set of stone furniture of rustic 
design and elaborate finish, the work of a distinguished Neapoli- 
tan artist, has been placed here, and adds greatly to the attrac- 
tions of the locality. 

The continuous stretch of ground comprising about two hun- 
dred acres, and extending from the Capitol grounds to the Monu- 
mental grounds (or Park of the Washington Monument), and 
indicated on the map as Government Reservation No. 2, 
although popularly called the Mall, it is proposed to improve 
with walks and drives, trees and shrubbery, fountains and orna- 
mental works of various kinds. Congressional action must pro- 
vide the authority and means, which ere long will le forthcom- 
ing, and then Washington will have one of the finest pleasure 
grounds of the country. 

The grounds of the Capitol, Executive Mansion, and other 
public buildings are, in fact, beautiful public parks, and in addi- 
tion thereto are the following : 

LA FAYETTE SQUARE, 

directly opposite and north of the Executive Mansion. It is a 
fivorite place of resort, and its delightful shade and pleasant re- 
treats during the warm season daily attract large numbers of 
people. In the centre of the square stands 

THE EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF JACKSON. 

The material used in casting this statue is made principally 
of the guns captured by General Jackson at Pensacola, and the 
four brass-six-pounders, at the base of the pedestal, were captured 
by the hero at the battle of New Orleans, in 1815. The entire 
height of the statue and pedestal is sixteen feet, and the centre 
of gravity is so nicely calculated that no other means are re- 
quired to maintain the statue balanced in its position upon the 
hind feet of the horse. The entire cost was $30,000. 

FRANKLIN SQUARE, 

between I and K, and Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, North- 
west. Extensive improvements now beina; made, when com- 
pleted, will make this the equal of La Fayette Square. 

SCOTT SQUARE, 
Vermont Avenue, between I and K Streets, Northwest. 



GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 43 

FARRAGUT SQUARE, 

Connecticut Avenue, between I and K Streets, Northwest. 

JUDICIARY SQUARE, 

surrounding the City Hall, fronting Louisiana Avenue, at the 
head of Four-and-a-half Street, between Fourth and Fifth 
Streets, Northwest. 

ARMORY SQUARE, 

south of the Canal, and east of the Smithsonian Institution, 
Southwest. 

LINCOLN PARK, 

at the eastern terminus of East Capitol Street. 

The above are in various states of attractiveness but they, 
with several other pieces of government land in the city, are un- 
dergoing improvements to such a degree as the Congressional 
appropriations will allow, under the supervision of the Commis- 
sioner of Public Buildings, who has charge of all the government 
grounds in the District. 

OFFICES OF THE DISTRICT GOVERNMENT. 

The new territorial form of government has been in operation 
so short a time that its offices are but temporarily located in 
buildings hired for the purpose, although it is ultimately in- 
tended to erect appropriate edifices, which will adorn the city, 
and be convenient in every respect for the occupancy of govern- 
ment officials. The principal officers are at present occupying 
the Morrison Building on Four-and-a-half Street, near Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue, and a portion of' 

THE CITY HALL. 

This building was commenced in the year 1820, and after a 
long period, during which it remained in a fragmentary state, 
was brought to its present extent in 1850. The original plan 
contemplates a much larger structure* the portion already com- 
pleted embracing only one wing. It presents a commanding 
appearance, with a front, in stucco, of two hundred feet. The 
location is on Judiciary Square, at the head of Four and-a-half 
Street, and facing Louisiana Avenue. The uses to which it 
is devoted are quite varied ; including the District Courts, the 



44 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 

office for recording title deeds of District real estate, several 
offices of the territorial government, and business chambers for a 
number of city attorneys. As a piece of achitecture it ranks 
high, being distinguished by great elegance and symmetry. In 
the centre of the open space in front stands a monument to 
President Lincoln, erected in 18iJ8 by the residents of Washing- 
ton, and designed by one of its citizens. 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 



WASHINGTON ALMS-HOUSE. 

Tins handsome edifice, dedicated to corporate charity, and the 
restraint and reformation of petty offenders, occupies an elevated 
site east of the Capitol, and is a rare specimen of the right build- 
ing in the right place. Its architecture is pleasing and durable 
without unnecessary expense; and a visit to it will repay any 
visitor interested in such subjects. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL, 

for the correction and improvement of juvenile offenders, is lo- 
cated on the government farm, near Georgetown, and is an in- 
teresting institution. 

THE PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL, 

is chartered by Congress, and sums of money necessary for its 
proper support are annually donated by that body, it is in- 
tended to receive invalid or outcast persons, who are in bodily 
suffering, and is under the care of a board of prominent physi- 
cians of the city, and the Sisters of Charity of the Roman 
Catholic Church. The building, which is attractive in its out- 
ward appearance, and arranged with every comfort within, is 
situated on the corner of Second Street East, and D Street South, 
in a very healthy location, a short distance south of the Capitol. 
Visitors are received daily. 

THE COLUMBIA HOSPITAL 

for Women and Lying-in-Asylum is chartered similarly to the 
above mentioned and devoted to the objects indicated by its 



BENEVOLENT IS S Tl TUT IONS. 45 

name. It is not, however, under the charge of any religious 
denomination, as is the case with Providence Hospital. 

THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

occupies the wooden structures in Judiciary Square, in the rear 
of the City Hall, aud is doing a noble work hi behalf of needy 
and erring women and half orphaned or neglected children. 
The association supplies employment to women seeking work, 
and a home to many that* otherwise would suffer for the ordi- 
nary comforts of life. 

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

have a handsome building at the corner of Ninth and D Streets, 
where the stranger will always find a welcome. The rooms are 
open from nine A. M. to ten P. m. Newspapers and magazines, 
religious and secular, from all parts of the country, are to be 
found in the reading-rooms. The library embraces about twenty 
thousand volumes, of nearly every class of literature, and is free 
to all to read in the rooms; and by the payment of an annual 
fee of two dollars, books can be taken away. The membership 
fee, entitling to all the privileges of the association, is three dol- 
lars annually. A first-class gymnasium and bowling alley are 
in the building, and under the direction of the association. 



HEAD-QUARTERS FOR THE BEST 

NAVAL AND MILITARY CLOTHING. 



Our extended experience in the manufacture of the finest 
uniform clothing for 



Officers of the Army and Navy, 

Cadet Uniforms for the Naval Academy, and for 

several of the leading State Universities and Colleges; 

Full and Fatigue Dress for the National Guard, 

AND 

UNIFORMS FOR BOYS' WEAR AT SCHOOL, 

has made us entirely familiar with every detail of this pecul- 
iar business, and our determination to surpass all competi- 
tion in the style, durability, and economy of our 

MILITARY WORK, 

has been fully crowned with success. We claim to offer 
unequaled facilities for producing 

Elegant and Durable Uniforms 

of every description; and we especially excel in all work 
requiring gold lace, which we put upon the garments by a 
special process, with remarkable exactness and brilliancy. 

DEVLIN & CO., 

No. 1 113 Pennsylvania Avenue, 

WASHINGTON, D. 0. 



459 and 461 Broadway, corner Grand Street, 
258 and 260 Broadway , corner Warren Street 

NEW YORK. 



INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING- 47 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 



LINCOLN HALL, 

one of the l>est audience rooms in the city, capahle of seating 
about twelve hundred persons, is in the Association Build ins;, 
and is the popular place for amusements and exhibitions suitable 
for cultivated and refined audiences- 

THE NATIONAL THEATRE, 

on Pennsylvania Avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth 

Streets ; 

MASONIC HALL, 

corner of Xinth and F Streets, are the principal places of at- 
traction during the amusement season. 



INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 



COLUMBIAN COLLEGE 
is located at the head of Fourteenth Street, and to the citizens 
of Washington is a source of especial pride, having, from the 
dnte of its incorporation in 1821, maintained a high position as 
a centre of learning. Its organization embraces the various uni- 
versity courses, and in the law, medical, and theological depart- 
ments is especially popular. Its library contains nearly ten 
thousand volumes. 

GEORGETOWN COLLEGE 

takes its name from its location, and is owned and controlled by 
clergymen of the Roman Catholic Church. This college has a 
very extensive influence, embracing at all times in its roll of 
students representatives from every portion of this continent; 
and its systems of study are so thorough and progressive that 
it deservedly enjoys a national reputation of the highest order. 
The graduates of its medical department include many bright 
fights of the profession, that reflect great credit upon their alma 



4n INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 

mater. The college library numbers thirty thousand volumes, 
including many ancient and curious manuscripts and missals. 



THE HOWARD UNIVERSITY 

is located on Seventh Street, just outside the northern boundary 
line of Washington City, and although founded, less than five 
years since, has already made a wide reputation as an institution 
of learning. Its special feature is the admission of students 
without regard to race or color, and its advantages are chiefly 
enjoyed by colored men. The law and medical branches are ad- 
mirably conducted, and very flourishing. 

GONZAGA COLLEGE, 

a Roman Catholic institution, on F Street, between Ninth and 
Tenth Streets ; 

WASHINGTON BUSINESS COLLEGE, 
corner of Seventh and L Streets; 

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, 
and 

UNIVERSITY FOR THE BLIND, 



are 



all prominent and efficient institutions. 



THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF, 
DUMB, AND BLIND 

is one of the best establishments of the kind in the country. It 
is located in the northeastern portion of the city, in a pleasant 
suburb, familiarly known as Kendall Creen. 

PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 

The most attractive are the Franklin Building, at the corner 
of Thirteenth and K Streets, Northwest; the Wallach, on Penn- 
sylvania Avenue and Sixth Street, Southeast; the Sea ton, on I 
Street, between First and Second Streets, Northwest; and the 
Jefferson, corner Sixth Street and Virginia Avenue, Southwest. 
These are all large and beautiful, the arrangements for the pur- 
poses intended being so complete as to command the admiration 
and approval of many visitors. 



ART. 49 

ART. 



Mr. W. "W. Corcoran, a wealthy banker and liberal patron 
of art, has erected, entirely at his own expense, the beautiful 
building, at the corner of Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania 
Avenue, known as 

THE CORCORAN ART GALLERY, 

which has been fitted up with especial accommodations for the 
exhibition of pictures and sculpture. Mr. Corcoran has ap- 
pointed a board of trustees to control the building and its ob- 
jects, and these gentlemen are preparing as rapidly as possible 
for the reception of contributions. The structure was erected 
before the late war, by which the noble design of the founder 
was unfortunately interrupted for a season, and the premises, 
being needed by the government, were taken for the use of one 
of the bureaus of the Quartermaster-general's office. It was 
surrendered about a year ago, and repairs were immediately com- 
menced, which are now nearly finished. 

Mr. Corcoran has a large collection of paintings and statuary, 
which, until recently, were accessible to the public on certain 
days at his residence, corner of Sixteenth and H Streets, but at 
present his gallery is closed to the public. This collection in- 
cludes Powers' " Greek Slave," and other choice statuary, with 
a fine selection of paintings, both ancient and modern. It is. 
however, understood that Mr. Corcoran's private collection will 
soon be placed on permanent exhibition in the Corcoran Art 
Gallery. 1 

Mr. J. C Maguire, at his residence on E Street, between Sixth 
and Seventh, has a fine collection of oil paintings, and Mr. 
Franklin Philp, 1311 K Street, has the largest and best collec- 
tion of water color drawings owned by any private individual in 
the United States. These gentlemen are always ready to exhibit 
their art treasures to appreciative visitors. 

1 The gallery will be opened to the public some time during the 
month of October, 1872 



50 STREET RAILWAYS. 



STREET RAILWAYS. 



METROPOLITAN RAILROAD COMPANY, 

(commonly called the f street LIXE.) 

Office, corner of New York Avenue and Seventeenlh Street. 

The eastern terminus is near the Capitol, whence the cars run 
through portions of D, Fifth, F, Fourteenth, H, and Seventeenth 
streets, anil Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the B. & O. R. K. 
depot, City Hall, Post-office Department, Patent Office, St. 
Cloud Hotel, Ebbitt House, the Arlington, La Fayette Square, and 
within one square of the Treasury Department and Executive 
Mansion, to the Corcoran Art Gallery and War and Navy De- 
partments. 

WASHINGTON AND GEORGETOWN RAILROAD COM- 
PANY. 

Office, No. 200 New Jersey Avenue. 

Georgetown is the western terminus of this line, whence its 
cars run through Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the Corcoran Art 
Gallery, War, Navy, and Treasury Departments, Executive Man- 
sion, La Fayette Square, Willard's, Imperial, Kirkwood, Na- 
tional, Metropolitan, St. James, Continental, Washington, and 
St. Charles Hotels, Congressional Conservatory, the Capitol, 13. 
& 0. R. R. depot, to the Marine Barracks and Navy-yard. 

The blue cars run between Georgetown and the B. & 0. R. 
R. depot only; but the red cars traverse the entire'route. 

This railroad has two branches, for which transfer tickets can 
be obtained. The principal one of these starts from the foot of 
Seventh Street, where it connects with the southern mail boats, 
and, crossing the main track at right angles, continues to the 
city boundary, within a few minutes' walk of Howard Univer- 
sity, passing en route the grounds of the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, the Post-office Department, and the Patent Office. The 
other branch leaves the main line at the junction of New York 
Avenue and Fifteenth Street, opposite the Treasury Department, 
and runs thence, through New York Avenue and Fourteen' U 
Street to the city boundary, passing the Department of Stat* 



CEMETERIES. 51 



COLUMBIA STREET RAILROAD COMPANY. 

The cars of this line start from the junction of New York 
Avenue and Hfteenth Street, opposite the Treasury Department, 
running through New York Avenue and K Street, Massachusetts 
Avenue and H Street, passing the Government Printing Office, 
to the site of the old toll gate at the city boundary, on the 131a- 
densburg road. 

UNION STREET RAILWAY (not finished). 



SILVER SPRINGS STREET RAILROAD (not finished), 

will run from Boundary and Ninth Streets through Ninth to 
1) Street, thence to the corner of Sixth Street, where the Balti- 
more and Potomac IT. R. depot is located. 



CEMETERIES. 



THE CONGRESSIONAL .CEMETERY, 

located in the extreme eastern section of the city, on the banks 
of the Anacostia River, is the oldest and best known in the city, 
and although the property of a coloration, has acquired its 
name from the custom, prevailing for many years, of erecting 
within it a monument to the memory of each Senator or Repre- 
sentative dying while in Congress. 

OAK HILL CEMETERY 

is on the heights of Georgetown, upon the western slope of the 
banks of Rock Creek, and is beautifully, laid out in ten-aces and 
walks overshadowed by tall oak-trees. Many points command 
charming views of the exquisite scenery of the valley and the 
stream. There are already many grand monuments and elaborate 
vaults erected here. The vault belonging to the donor 6f the land, 
Mr. Corcoran, which stands upon the brow of the hill, in a very 
conspicuous and beautiful location, is surrounded by a primitive 
Grecian temple, of the Doric order, octagonal in form, and built 



52 LEADING HOTELS. 

of white marble, at a cost of over $25,000- The granite monu- 
ment to Bodisco, the late Russian minister, is worthy of notice. 
The shaft was sent from St. Petersburg, by the Russian govern- 
ment. The entrance is graced by a tasteful Gothic lodge, of 
sandstone, and the stone chapel, overgrown with ivy, is a beau • 
tiful feature of the cemetery. 

GLENWOOD CEMETERY 

is located north of the city and near the old Soldiers' Home. 
Its avenues, trees, shrubbery, and monuments are beautiful and 
well kept. 



SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SO- 
CIETIES. 



The Masonic Order has a beautiful " Temple " at the corner 
of Ninth and F Streets, in which meetings are held every 
evening. There are nineteen lodges, seven chapters, and three 
commanderies. The lodge rooms are beautifully furnished and 
supplied with every convenience. 

The Odd Fellows own a hall, on Seventh Street, between D and 
E Streets, admirably adapted to their purposes, which also has a 
large audience room for public exhibitions. There are thirteen 
lodges and four encampments, with meetings every evening. 

The Knights of Pythias, Sons of Temperance, Grand Army 
of the Republic, are well organized, and hold regular meetings. 



LEADING HOTELS. 



The Arlington, Vermont Avenue, near H Street. 
Ebbitt House, corner of 14th and F Streets. 
Imperial Hotel, E Street facing Pennsylvania Avenue, between 
13th and 14th Streets. 






BANKS AND BANKERS. 53 

*Kirk\vood House, corner of 12th Street and Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue. 

Metropolitan Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, between 6th and 7th 
Streets. 

National Hotel, corner*Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th Street. 

St. Cloud Hotel (European plan), corner of 9th and F Streets. 

St. James Hotel (European plan), corner of 6th Street and 
Pennsylvania Avenue. 

St. Marc Hotel (European plan), corner of 7th Street and Penn- 
sylvania Avenue. 

*Willard's Hotel, corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and 14th 
Street. 

Owen House (European plan), Pennsylvania Avenue, between 
14th and ldtb Streets. 
* Hotels marked thus (*) were closed at this date, August, 1872. 



BANKS AND BANKERS. 



Bank of "Washington, 'corner of 7th and C Streets: President, 
William Gunton; Cashier, Charles A. James. 

Jay Cooke & Co., 15th Street, opposite Treasury Department. 

First National Bank, 15th Street opposite Treasury Department; 
President, H. D. Cooke; Cashier, H. C. Swain. 

Second National Bank, F Street, near 7th Street, N. W. ; Pres- 
ident, John C. Mclvelden; Vice President, John O. Evans; 
Cashier, D. L. Eaton ; Assistant Cashier, F. H. Gassaway. 

Freedmen's Savings Bank, Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite the 
Treasury Department; President, J. W. Alvord; Cashier, 
William J. Wilson. 

Lewis Johnson & Co , cor. Pennsylvania Avenue and 10th 
Street; President, Lewis Johnson; Cashier, L. J. Davis. 

Middleton & Co., F Street, between 14th and 15th Streets. 

National Bank of the Republic, cor. 7th and D Streets ; Pres- 
ident, Fitzhugh Coyle; Cashier, Charles Bradley. 

National Metropolitan Bank, 15th Street, opposite Treasury; 
President, John B. Blake; Cashier, Moses Kelly. 

Riggs & Co., cor. 35th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue; Pres- 
ident, George W. Riggs; Cashier, W. C. Bestor. 

Squire & Root, No. 1416 Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite Wil- 
lard's Hotel. 



54 CHURCHES. 

"Washington City Savings Bank, cor. 7th Street and Louisiana 
Avenue; President, J. B. Bryan; Treasurer, J. A. Ruff. 

National Savings Bank, cor. 15th Street and New York Ave- 
nue; President, li. A. Willard; Treasurer, B. P. Snyder. 

National Safe Deposit Company, cor. 15th Street and New 
York Avenue; President, George H. Plant. 



CHURCHES. 



Church architecture in the national capital has improved 
greatly during the past five 3'ears, and to-day each leading de- 
nomination has one or more church-buildings that are elegant 
and attractive. These are: The Metropolitan Methodist Epis- 
copal, erected at a cost of about $250,000. This church is now 
being finished by the addition of a lofty spire, and a chime of 
bells. The President and Vice-President, Chief Justice, and 
many other dignitaries are regular attendants. The Foundry 
Church, belonging to the same denomination, is worthy of men- 
tion. The other principal churches are as follows : Presbyterian, 
First, New York Avenue, and Fourth; Roman Catholic, St. 
Aloysius and St. Dominic's; Episcopal, Trinity; Baptist, Calvary ; 
and Con»regationalist, First Church. Several other denomina- 
tions have edifices which are commodious and comfortable, al- 
though without special claims to architectural beauty. The 
hours of service on the Sabbath are generally with all the de- 
nominations the same, namely, 11 A. M. and 7.30 P. M. Sab- 
bath-school services at 9 A. M. and 3 p. m. The following is a 
list of the names and locations of all the churches and pastors: — 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

Metropolitan, cor. 4J and C streets. None assigned. 

Foundry, cor. 14th and G streets. Rev. S. A. Wilson, 

Pastor. 
Wesley Chapel, cor. 5th and F streets. Rev. R. W. Black. 
McKindree Chapel, Massachusetts Avenue, between 9th and 10th 

streets. Rev. G. W. Cooper. 
Fourth Street (formerly East Wash.), 4th Street, near G, s. e. 

Rev. Chas. McElfresh. 
Hamlioe Chapel, cor. 9th and P streets. Rev. G. G. Baker. 



CHURCHES. 55 

Ryland Chapel, cor. 10th and D streets, s. w. Kev. Samuel 

Shannon. 
Union Chapel, 20th Street, near Pennsylvania Avenue. Kev. 

S. M. Hartsock. 
Gorsuch Chapel, cor. 4£ and L streets, s. w. Rev. Wm. C. 

Mullin. 
Fletcher Chapel, cor. 4th Street and New York Avenue. Rev. 

James P. Wilson. 
Waugh Chapel, cor. 4th and A streets, s. e. Rev. E. D. Owen. 
Providence Chapel, cor. 2d and I streets, n. e. 
"Ninth Street" (fonneidy Wesley Mission), cor. 9th and S 

streets. Rev. F. 13. Rice. 

METHODIST PROTESTANT. 

9th Street, between E and F streets. Rev. E. I. Drinkhouse. 
Virginia Avenue near Navy-yard, s. e. Rev. Joseph P. Wilson. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SOUTH. 

Mount Vernon Place, cor. 9th and K streets. Rev. S. S. 
Rozzell; Rev. Kern, assistant. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

First Church, 4^ Street, near C Street. Dr. B. Sunderland. 
New York Avenue, N. Y. Avenue, between loth and 14th streets. 

Rev. S. S. Mitchell. 
Fourth Church, 9th Street, near G Street. Dr. J. C. Smith. 
Assembly's, cor. Massachusetts Avenue and 5th Street. Dr. C. 

P. Boynton. 
Sixth Church, 6th Street, near Maryland Avenue, s. w. Rev. 

Mason Noble. 
Western, H Street, between 19th and 20 streets. Rev. J. N. 

Coombs. 
Metropolitan (formerly "Capitol Hill''), 4th Street, between B 

Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, n. e. Dr. John Chester. 
Seventh Street, 7th Street, between D and E streets, s. to. 

Rev. B. F. Bittinger. 
North, North Street, between 9th and 10th streets. 
Curley (New), Boundary Street, near 7th Street. 
Central, 5th Street, between D and E streets. Rev. A. W. 

Pitzer. 
Reformed, 1st Street, between N and streets, s. 10. Rev. 

Johnson. 

German Reformed, 6th and N streets. Rev. J. W. Ebbing- 

house. 



56 CHURCHES. 



EPISCOPAL. 

Christ, G Street, between 6th and 7th streets, s. e. Rev. Wm. 

McGuire. 
St. John's, cor. 16th and H streets. Rev. John V. Lewis. 
Trinity, cor. 3d and C streets. Dr. Thomas G. Addison. 
Epiphany, G Street, between 13th and 14th streets. Rev. W. 

F. Watkins. 
Ascension, H Street, between 9th and 10th streets. Dr. Hutton. 
Grace, D Street, between 8th and 9th street, s. w. Rev. A. 

Holmead. 
Incarnation, cor. N and 12th streets. Rev. 0. Hubert. 
St. Paul's, cor. 23d Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. Rev. A. 

Jackson. 
St. Mark's, A Street, between 2d and 3d streets, s. e. Rev. C. 

H. Shield. 

ROMAN CATHOLIC. 

St. Patrick's, corner 10th and F streets. Rev. J. A. Walter; 

Rev. J. J. Kane, assistant. 
St. Peter's, 3d Street. Rev. P. E. Boyer; Rev. S. Kabbia, as- 
sistant. 
St. Matthew's, corner 15th and H streets. Rev. C. I. White, D. 

D. ; Rev. Jas. McDevitt, ass't. 
St. Mary's (German), 5th near H streets. Rev. Mathias Alig. 
St. Dominic's, corner 6th and F streets, s. w. Rev. Coll, 

0. P. 
St. Aloysius, corner I and North Capitol streets. Rev. B. A. 

Maguire. 
Immaculate Conception, corner N and 8th streets. Rev. P. F. 

McCarthy. 
St. Stephen's, corner Pennsylvania Avenue and 25th Street. Rev. 

John McNally. 
St. Joseph's, corner 2d and C streets, s. e. Rev. B. F. Wiget, 

S. J. 

BAPTIST. 
First Church, 13th, between G and H streets. Dr. J. H. Cuth- 

bert. 
Second Church, corner 4th Street and Virginia Avenue. 
E Street Church, E Street between 6th and 7th streets. Rev. 

D. B. Jutten. 
Fifth Church, D, near 4 1-2 street, s. w. Rev. C C Meador. 
Calvary Church, corner 8th and H streets. Dr. I. W. Parker. 



CHURCHES. 57 



LUTHERAN. 

St. Paul's (English), corner 11th and H streets. 
Capitol Hill, do., corner 1st and C streets, s. e. 
Memorial Chapel, do., corner M and 14th streets. Dr. J. G. 
Butler and Kev. Wm. Parsons, associate pastors for the three. 

GERMAN EVANGELICAL. 

Trinity, corner 4th and I streets. Rev. P. Brand. 
Zion's, M Street, between 6th and 7th streets. Rev. W. Frey. 
St. John's, 4 1-2 Street, «. w. Rev. YV. Diche. 
Concordia, corner G and 20th streets. Rev. G. L. Reitz. 

HEBREW. 

Washington Congregation (Reformed), 8th Street, between H 

and I streets. L. Goldberg, Reader. 
Idas Israel Congregation (Orthodox), 426 Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Rev. J. A. Cohen, officiating. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 
First Church, corner 10th and G streets. Dr. J. E. Rankin. 

UNITARIAN. 
First Church, corner 6th and D streets. Rev. F. Hinckley. 

CHRISTIAN. 

Church, 14th between M and N streets. Rev. 0. A. Bartholo- 
mew. 

New Church (Swedenborgian), North Capitol Street between B. 
and C streets. Rev. Jabez Fox. 



Friends. No preachers. 



COLORED CHURCHES. 

BAPTIST. 

First, 19th, corner I street. Rev. W. D. Anderson, pastor. 
Second, 3d Street, near I. Rev. M. Gaskett, pastor. 
Shiloh, L, between 16th and 17th streets, n. iv. Rev. Wm. J. 
Walker, pastor. 



58 CHURCHES. 

Old Side, N. Y. Avenue, between 17th and 18th streets, n. w. 

Third, 9th, 10. between P and Q, n. sti-eets. Rev. Wm. B. Jef- 
ferson, pastor. 

Zion, 2d, below L, s. w. Rev. Wm. Gibbons, pastor. 

Fifth, Vermont Avenue, near R Street. Rev. John II. Brooks, 
pastor. 

G. Street, between 6th and 7th streets, s. w. Rev. Wm. H. 
Lee, pastor. 

CATHOLIC. 

St. Martin's, 15th between L and M streets, n. w. Rev. Felix 
Barrotti, pastor. 

EPISCOPAL. 

St. Mary's, 23d, between G and H streets. Services at 11 

A. M., and 7 1-2 P. M. Rev. John A. Graves, minister. 

METHODIST. 

Asbury M. E., 11th, corner Iv streets., Rev. W. W. Foreman, 

pastor. 
Israel M. E., South Capitol, corner B Street, s. Rev. Geo. T. 

Watkins, pastor. 
John Wesley, Connecticut Avenue, between L and M streets, n. 

Rev. George Bosley, pastor. 
Little Ebenezer M. E., 1). Street, between 4th and 5th streets, s. e. 

Rev. Tilman Jackson, pastor. 
Union Bethel M. E., M, n. between 15th and 16th streets, w. 

Rev.D. P. Seaton, pastor. 
Galbraith Chapel, L, between 4th and 5th streets. Rev. John E. 

Price, pastor. 
Eighth, between C and E streets. Rev. J. B. Anderson, pastor. 
Union Wesley Chapel, 23d, w. near L, n. street. Rev. Jacob 

B. Trusty, pastor. 

Wesley Zion Chapel, C, between 2d and 3d streets, s. w. Rev. 
Jacob P. Haines, pastor. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

15th Street Presbyterian Church, 15th, between I and Iv streets, 
n. w. Vacant. 



THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 59 

THE 

VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 

is remarkably full of historic interest; its landscape scenery is 
beautiful, and the suburban drives delightful. 

To the northeast, about six miles from the city, is the village 
of 

blAdensburg, 

interesting principally as a battle-ground in the War of 1812. 
On the road are indications of lines of rifle-pits, heavy fortifi- 
cations, and other marks of the late war. About four miles 
out, is the " old dueling ground," made memorable by the duels 
participated in by Senator Mason, Commodore Decatur. Henry 
Clay, John Randolph, Midshipman Locke, Doctor Johnson, A. 
J. Dallas, and many other prominent characters. 

FORTIFICATIONS. 

About two miles outside of Washington, and completely en- 
circling the city, there was, during the war, a chain of fortifica- 
tions, connected by a military road. There were more than, fifty 
large forts, besides as many smaller batteries, which mounted 
more than one thousand guns, many of them of the heaviest 
calibre. All of the fortifications on 'the north and east sides 
have long since been dismantled, and are now either grass-grown 
or leveled with the surrounding earth. 

DRIVE TO THE NORTH. 

The section of country immediately north of the city is full 
of interest. Driving out of the road north of the Capitol, the 
beautiful cemetery of Glenwood is passed. Next appears what 
was, during the war, the site of Harewood Hospital, on the care- 
fully kept and elegant grounds of Mr. W. W. Corcoran. West 
from this is 

THE MILITARY ASYLUM, 

or " Soldiers' Home," situated on an eminence commanding a 
grand and extensive view,- and surrounded by grounds of almost 
matchless beauty, which are kept in perfect orrler by the infirm 
veterans of the army. The buildings themselves are handsome 
and commodious, and, during the summer months, the Presi- 



60 THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 

dent and family have the privilege of residing in one of them. 
President Lincoln made this his summer residence. In the rear 
of the Asylum is a soldiers' cemetery covering many acres, hand- 
somely fenced in, beautifully and tenderly cared for, and orna- 
mented with flower-beds, evergreens, shrubbery, and clinging 
vines. Here sleep thousands of those who, a few years ago, in 
all the vigor of manhood left home and kindred to pour out 
their life's blood for the national defense. A simple head-board, 
painted white, having inscribed on it in black letters the name 
and rank, marks each grave. North of the Asylum is the 

ROCK CREEK CHURCH, 

a solemn looking edifice, built in the time of Washington, orig- 
inally of brick brought from England, but since rebuilt in more 
modern style and material. 

BATTLE GROUND. 

From the Military Asylum and the Rock Creek Church a 
drive of nearly a mile brings the sight-seer to the Seventh Street 
road, and about two miles north is the spot where the conflict 
occurred between the Confederates 'and the Sixth Army Corps. 
This was the nearest approach of the Southern troops to the city 
during the war; but, by the arrival of the Sixth Corps, their 
march was stayed. Their officers entertained themselves at Mont- 
gomery Blair's country residence, " Crystal Spring," which is 
just inside the city limits, on the Seventh Street road. Con- 
tinuing the drive toward Georgetown, on the Rock Creek road, 
the location of the proposed public park is passed, which in nat- 
ural beauty offers exceedingly rare advantages for the purpose. 
Taking the Fourteenth Street road, the favorite drive on pleasant 
afternoons of the possessors of fast teams, passing Columbian 
College and continuing west by a way having scenery remark- 
able for its rugged beauty, 

GEORGETOWN, 

Washington's twin city, is reached. It is three miles west of 
the Capitol, and separated from the city of Washington by Kock 
Creek, which is spanned by a beautiful iron bridge. The city 
is located upon high ground, and commands a beautiful prospect 
of the capital and the valley of the Potomac. It is a port of 
entry, carries on a considerable trade, and is the greatest shad 
and herring market in the United States; large quantities of 
these fish being caught in the Potomac and brought here for 



TEE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 61 

packing. The flouring business is extensively carried on, and 
keeps ten mills in constant operation. Manufacturing has 
lately become an important interest; the natural advantages for 
water power being so abundant as only to require a reasonable 
outlay of capital to make them very profitable. The Chesa- 
peake and Ohio Canal is carried over the Potomac at this place, 
upon an aqueduct one thousand four hundred and forty-six feet 
long and thirty-six feet high, costing in its construction two 
millions of dollars. The canal extends to Cumberland, a dis- 
tance of one hundred and eighty-four miles, through a country 
teeming with mineral products. The entire cost of the work 
was $12,000,000. There are eight churches in the city, two 
banks, a college, a nunnery, and several hotels. 

LITTLE FALLS. 

Three miles westward from Georgetown the Potomac forms a 
succession of cascades, designated the " Little Falls." The river 
at this point is exceedingly beautiful, and will abundantly reward 
the artist who shall properly delineate it. A substantial bridge 
here crosses the turbulent stream to the Virginia shore, and 
from it a drive of fifteen miles through an interesting hill and 
forest country leads to the 

GREAT FALLS. 

This romantic water-fall is a sublime specimen of the wildest 
mood of nature. Through jagged barriers of rock, the river 
forces its way with great vehemence. The entire scene is wild 
in the extreme, and exhibits the caprices of nature on a grand 
and beautiful scale. 

From this point of the river the water used by the people of 
Washington is conveyed to the city by means of the 

^ WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 

This vast enterprise has cost nearly three millions of dollars. 
Some conception of its construction may be had from the follow- 
ing official description of the country through which it passes: 
" The traveller ascending the banks of the Potomac from George- 
town to the Great Falls would conclude that a more unpromis- 
ing region for the construction of an aqueduct could not be found. 
Supported by high walls against the face of jagged and vertical 
precipices, in continual danger of being undermined by the foam- 
ing torrent which boils below, the canal (the Chesapeake and 
Ohio) is a monument of the energy and daring of our engineers. 



62 THE VICINITY OF WASHING! ON. 

The route appears to be occupied, and no mode of bringing iu 
the water, except by iron pipes secured to the rocks or laid in 
the bed of the canal, seems practicable. Such were my own im- 
pressions; and though 1 knew that in this age, with money, any 
achievement of engineering was possible, I thought the survey 
would be needed only to demonstrate by figures and measures 
the extravagance of such a work, Put when the levels were ap- 
plied to the ground, I found, to my surprise and gratification, 
that the rocky precipices and difficult passages were nearly all 
below the line which, allowing a uniform grade, would naturally 
be selected for our conduit; and that, instead of demonstrating 
the extravagance of the proposal, it became my duty to devise a 
work presenting no considerable difficulties, and affording no op- 
portunities for the exhibition of any triumphs of science and 
skill." 

There are, in all, upon this work eleven tunnels, some of them 
many hundred feet in length, and six bridges. The most re- 
markable of these is the bridge that spans a small tributary of 
the Potomac, called the Cabin John Creek, by a single arch, two 
hundred and twenty feet in span, and one hundred feet high. 
The receiving reservoir is formed by throwing a dam across a 
small stream known as the Powder-mill or Little Falls branch. 
The flam is of pounded earth, and floods above fifty acres, mak- 
ing a reservoir of irregular shape, containing, at a level of one 
hundred and forty feet above high-tide, 82,521,500 gallons. The 
water leaves it at a distance of three thousand feet from the point 
where it enters, and, in slowly passing across this pool, which 
deepens to thirty or forty feet near the exit, deposits most of its 
sediment. The Powder-mill branch supplies two or three mil- 
lions of gallons of pure water daily to the reservoir. The Great 
Falls of the Potomac, from whence the supply of water is ob- 
tained, are nineteen miles distant. 

The conduit is nine feet in dimensions, and discharges 
67,596,400 gallons in twenty-four hours. Some idea of the 
magnitude of the enterprise may be formed by comparing the 
statement above given with the fact that the Croton Aqueduct 
supplies 37,000,000 gallons,, and Philadelphia and Boston are 
only respectively guaranteed 15,000,000 and 10,176,570 gallons 
during the same period. 

ARLINGTON. 

This magnificent estate, formerly the property of George 
Washington Parke Custis, is situated directly opposite George- 
town, on the south bank of the Potomac. It became the property 
of the Lee family by inheritance, and, at the beginning of the 



THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 63 

late war, was the residence of Colonel Robert E. Lee, afterward 
so prominent in the Comederate military service. The place is 
rich in historic memories of the past that make it a point of 
special interest, which is greatly enhanced by the events of the 
late war that centered here, and by the present conditions and 
surroundings of the place. 

During the recent war the buildings were used for military 
purposes, and the grounds frequently fur military camps; but 
having been subsequently bought by the government, at a tax- 
sale, it has been devoted to public uses. The Freedmen's Bu- 
reau has maintained here a large number of infirm and helpless 
emancipated slaves, and the renowned Freedmen's village has 
come into existence on the property. 

A portion of the land is devoted to an extensive cemetery, 
where 15,589 soldiers have been buried. Of these seven hundred 
have been exhumed, but the date of removal is added to the 
inscription on the head boards, which are allowed to remain. 
There are over 4,000 unknown, of which 2,111, who fell at Bull 
Run and on the route to the Rappahannock, are interred under 
a granite monument near the entrance to the cemetery. Each 
grave, 13,478 in all, is marked with a neat head-board bearing 
the name of the deceased, and a register in the office of the su- 
perintendent gives further information. 

THE LONG BRIDGE 

connects Washington with the Virginia shore at a point between 
Arlington and Alexandria. The vicinity of these places still re- 
tains many vestiges of the war, some of the fortifications being 
maintained in military order. 

ALEXANDRIA 

is seven miles distant, from Washington, with which city there is 
a constant communication by steamboat and railroad. 

In the latter part of his life, George Washington was a pew- 
holder of Christ Church, in this city, and many reminiscences 
of that great man are preserved in the records of this ancient 
church, and also in the archives of Washington Lodge, No. 22, 
of Free and Accepted Masons, also located here. Alexandria is 
connected with Georgetown and the west by a canal,-and a con- 
siderable manufacturing business is carried on. 

About seven miles south of Alexandria is 



64 OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 



MOUNT VERNON, 

once the home, and now the resting-place of the immortal 
Washington. The estate is now the property of " The Women's 
Mount Vernon Association." 

The tomb contains the remains of Washington and his wife 
Martha, and is a plain brick structure, having in front an iron- 
grating door, through which may be seen the sarcophagi inclos- 
ing the remains. The mansion contains many historical relics, 
among which may be mentioned the key of the Bastile, pre- 
sented by La Fayette; portions of the military and personal fur- 
niture of Washington, family portraits and musical instruments, 
etc. Steamboats run from Washington to Mount Vernon daily ; 
a portion of the passage money is devoted to the care and sup- 
port of the buildings and grounds. This is the only money re- 
ceived from the people for this object. 

The Mount Vernon steamboats stop at 

FORT WASHINGTON, 

on the opposite side of the river, about six miles from Alexan- 
dria. It was built in 1812, and strongly fortified during the 
late war. 



OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 



The following code of official etiquette is generally recog- 
nized : 

The President. — Business calls are received at all times and 
hours, when the President is disengaged ; the morning hours are 
preferred. Special days and evenings are assigned each season 
for calls of respect; one morning and evening a week being usu- 
ally designated for this purpose. 

Receptions, which all persons are privileged to attend, are 
held during the winter season, generally once a week, between 
eight and ten o'clock in the evening; at which guests are ex- 
pected in full dress and are presented by the usher. 

The President holds a public reception on the first of Jan- 
uary, when the Diplomatic Corps present themselves in court 
costume, and the officers of the army and navy in full dress 



OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 65 

uniform. The executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the 
government are received between the hours of eleven and twelve, 
after which the diplomatic corps, officers of the army and navy, 
and civilians tn masse. 

The President accepts no invitations to dinner, and makes no 
calls or visits of ceremony ; but is at liberty to visit, without 
ceremony, at his pleasure. 

An invitation to dinner at the President's must be accepted 
in writing, and a previous engagement cannot take precedence. 

The address of the Executive, in conversation, is Mr. 
President. 

The Vice-President. — A visit from the Vice-President is due 
the President on the meeting of Congress. The Vice-President 
is entitled to the first visit from all others, which he may return 
by card or in person. 

The Supreme Court. — The Judges call upon the President 
and Vice-President annually, upon the opening of the court and 
on the first day of January. 

77*e Cabinet. — Members of the President's Cabinet call upon 
the President on New Year's Day. First calls are also due from 
them, by card or in person, to the Vice-President, Judges of the 
Supreme Court, Senators, and the Speaker of the House of Rep- 
resentatives, on the meeting of Congress. 

The Senate. — Senators call in person upon the President and 
Vice-President on the meeting of Congress and first day of Jan- 
uary. They also call in person, or by card, upon the Judges of 
the Supreme Court, and the Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives, on the meeting of Congress. 

The Speaker of the House of Representatives The Speaker 

calls upon the President on the meeting of Congress and the 
first day of January. The first call is also due from him to the 
Vice-President, on the meeting of Congress. 

The House of Representatives. — Members of the House of 
Representatives call in person upon the President on the first 
day of January, and upon the Speaker of the House at the open- 
ing of each session. They also call, by card or in person, upon 
the President, Vice-President, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
Cabinet Officers, Senators, Speaker of the House, and Foreign 
Ministers, soon after the opening of each session of Congress. 

Foreign Ministers. — The Diplomatic Corps call upon the 
President on the first day of January, and upon the Vice-Presi- 
dent, Cabinet Officers, Judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, 
and Speaker of the House, by card or in person, on the first op- 
portunity after presenting their credentials to the President. 
They also make an annual call of ceremony, by card or in per- 
son, upon the Vice-President, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
5 



66 OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 

Senators, and Speaker of the House, soon after the meeting of 
Congress. 

The Court of Claims. — The Judges of the Court of Claims 
call in person upon the President on the first day of January. 
They also make first visits to Cabinet Officers and the Diplo- 
matic corps, and call, by card or in person, upon the Judges of 
the Supreme Court, Senators, Speaker and Members of the 
House, soon after the meeting of Congress. 

The Families of Officials. — The rules which govern officials 
are also applicable to their families, in determining the conduct 
of social intercourse. 

Receptions. — Besides the receptions of the President already 
specified, the Vice-President, Speaker of the House of Rep- 
resentatives, members of the Cabinet, and other government 
officials hold stated receptions which are usually known as 
" card receptions," to which none are expected except those re- 
ceiving cards. There are some receptions, however, especially of 
the Vice-President and Speaker of the House, the announcements 
of which are made through the public press, that all persons 
are privileged to attend the same as the President's public levees. 

Any individual, having legitimate business with any depart- 
ment, or any official from the President downward, will find that 
all reasonable requests are met with the utmost politeness. From 
the highest to the lowest, the conduct of the officials at the seat 
of government is regulated by a code of courtesy which is based 
upon the recognized sovereignty of the people. No fees are 
needed to procure access to the President or the chiefs of depart- 
ments during the hours set apart lor the apjjroach of the public: 
If a document has been filed away in some dusty pigeon-hole 
for half a century, and you are entitled to peruse it, although it 
may require several days of labor, the proper officer will, in due 
time, produce it for your inspection. Nothing opposes the en- 
trance of the humblest citizen ; and patience seems to be the' 
universal characteristic of every employee. Perhaps it may not 
be out of place to suggest, that an equal courtesy requires the 
visitor to avoid an unnecessary consumption of public time, by 
requesting what cannot be given, or asking questions which can- 
not be answered. 

The general laws for social etiquette are the same everywhere, 
and are expressed in the terms, jioliteness and good breeding ; 
and it is only necessary to observe these rules to insure proper 
conduct at public and private receptions. 



J. DEVLIN. 
J. OGDEN. 



S. W. JESSUP. 
K. C. OGDEX. 




RESIDENTS AND VISITORS IN WASHINGTON 

Will always find at our store, 

ITo. 1113 Pennsylvania Avenue, 

A complete representation of our 

NEW YORK PIECE GOODS STOCK, 

Which embraces at all times the 

Cream of the Domestic and Foreign Markets in 

Fabrics of Gentlemen's "Wear. 

By this means orders can be given, and promptly filled, for 
garments to be made in the well known and superior style 
of our New York houses. 

GENTLEMENS'S FURNISHING GOODS 

Are also a leading feature of our Washington business, of 
which we have always on hand a complete stock, comprising 
the Novelties of Neck Gear, a large variety of 

Underwear, Gloves, Eandker chiefs, Suspenders, 

And our justly popular and celebrated 

-AJVLHIRIC^IN" YOKE SHIRT, 

Of which we are the sole manufacturers. 



DEVLIN & CO., 

New York and "Washington. 



DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURING. 




COAT. 

Length, from 1 to 2 and 3. 

Arm, 4 to 5 and 6. 

Around the breast, under the 

coat, 7. 
Around the waist, under the 

coat, 8. 
Height, — feet — inches. 
Weight, — lbs. 



VEST. 

Length, from 1 to 13, with 
last two coat measures. 



PANTS. 

Outside seam from top of 
waistband, 10. 
gib Inside leg seam, from crotch, 
12. 

Around the waist, under the coat, 8. 
Around the hips, under the coat, 14. 



By the above system, measures may be taken for Clothing 
to be supplied either ready-made or to order. We give espe- 
cial attention to orders by this method, and are always happy 
to respond to requests for prices or other information. 

DEVLIN & CO., 

Box No. 2256, P. O., 

NEW YORK. 




MODE OF MEASUREMENT. 





1. Size of neck at 1. 

2. Length of shirt from 2. 

3. Length of sleeve from 3 to 4, and 

5 and 6. 



4. Across breast, from 7 to 8. 

5. Around the breast, 
fi. Around the waist. 

State whether ivith or ivithout collar. 



We are the sole Manufacturers of the above Shirt, which is without an 
equal for ease and elegance of fit. Orders filled from stock ready made, or to 
order if desired. Information by mail forwarded promptly when requested. 

DEVLIN & CO., 

Box No. 2256, P. O NEW YORK. 

1 IIS Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, 2>. C. 



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